Some Principles of Retinal Design: The Proctor Lecture

Sterling, Peter

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10788

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In visual cortex, retina and geniculate efferents, neurotransmitter released is Glutamate [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The glutamate is released by photoreceptors synaptic vesicles to the dendrites of bipolar cells.…”

Section: Neurotransmitter-releasingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such prosthesis is located at missing photoreceptor spot in RP patient which communicates with the lasting bipolar cells to transfer the visual signal to ganglion cells. As earlier stated the Neurotransmitter release by photoreceptors, makes ion current to flow and depolarize dendrites and soma [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Which cause signal amplification, also enables BC to generate spike.…”

Section: Neurotransmitter-releasingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several retinal research groups have already designed and fabricate different types of artificial retina [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. These devices stimulating electrode are attached to the retina space to restore vision in visually blind patients.…”

Section: Retina Implants Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vision implants are categorized as extraocular and intraocular prostheses, shown in figure 4. The Extraocular devices are externally powered and located at the surface of the eye, but the intraocular device is located in sub retinal space [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The vision implant gives constructive results during testing process, but some barriers still existing that have to be short out, before retinal prostheses used for human.…”

Section: Retina Implants Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vision implant gives constructive results during testing process, but some barriers still existing that have to be short out, before retinal prostheses used for human. One of the key components in vision implant is stimulating electrode [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Stimulating electrodes communicate with the tissue faces different electrochemical associated challenge biocompatibility, electrode-electrolyte interaction, contact impedance, charge injection ability, electrode corrosion and dynamic range.…”

Section: Retina Implants Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stimulating electrode Design for Implantable Sub Retina Research Application: A Novel Approach

Alavanthar¹,

Ellappan²

2018

IJET

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This paper aims to study and converse the theoretical model of neural stimulation implant electrodes with the electrochemical aspects of design. The study investigates the practically realizable hypothetical model of minimal invasive retinal implant (miRI) stimulating electrodes for restoring lost sight of patients blinded by degenerative retinal diseases. The basic elemental methods of charge injection by the stimulation electrode to tissue are pointed out. A prologue on the developments of vision implants and electrode characteristics were presented. We communicated the most important factors considered in this design stage of modeling, such as electrode position, size, impedance, charge injection capability, temperature change of the targeted retinal tissue and it's surrounding for vision implant system. In this design, a mathematical model is created to investigate for the all above said factors which influence implants positioned at internal surface of the retinal tissue. This investigation gives an initial step in design verification before the fabrication.

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Section: Neurotransmitter-releasingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neurotransmitter-releasingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Retina Implants Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Retina Implants Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Retina Implants Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Stimulating electrode Design for Implantable Sub Retina Research Application: A Novel Approach

Alavanthar¹,

Ellappan²

2018

IJET

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Modeling and measurement of vesicle pools at the cone ribbon synapse: Changes in release probability are solely responsible for voltage‐dependent changes in release

Thoreson

Hook

Parmelee

et al. 2015

Synapse

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Post-synaptic responses are a product of quantal amplitude (Q), size of the releasable vesicle pool (N), and release probability (P). Voltage-dependent changes in presynaptic Ca2+ entry alter post-synaptic responses primarily by changing P but have also been shown to influence N. With simultaneous whole cell recordings from cone photoreceptors and horizontal cells in tiger salamander retinal slices, we measured N and P at cone ribbon synapses by using a train of depolarizing pulses to stimulate release and deplete the pool. We developed an analytical model that calculates the total pool size contributing to release under different stimulus conditions by taking into account the prior history of release and empirically-determined properties of replenishment. The model provided a formula that calculates vesicle pool size from measurements of the initial post-synaptic response and limiting rate of release evoked by a train of pulses, the fraction of release sites available for replenishment, and the time constant for replenishment. Results of the model showed that weak and strong depolarizing stimuli evoked release with differing probabilities but the same size vesicle pool. Enhancing intraterminal Ca2+ spread by lowering Ca2+ buffering or applying BayK8644 did not increase PSCs evoked with strong test steps showing there is a fixed upper limit to pool size. Together, these results suggest that light-evoked changes in cone membrane potential alter synaptic release solely by changing release probability.

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Biochemistry and cell biology

Forrester

2016

The Eye

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Some Principles of Retinal Design: The Proctor Lecture

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Stimulating electrode Design for Implantable Sub Retina Research Application: A Novel Approach

Stimulating electrode Design for Implantable Sub Retina Research Application: A Novel Approach

Modeling and measurement of vesicle pools at the cone ribbon synapse: Changes in release probability are solely responsible for voltage‐dependent changes in release

Biochemistry and cell biology

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