How persistent is the effect of smoking urges on cognitive performance?

Zwaan, Rolf A.; Stanfield, Robert A.; Madden, Carol J.

doi:10.1037/1064-1297.8.4.518

Cited by 19 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Step 1 was not significant for digit span, F(2,93) = 2.10, p>.05, or double span, found in cigarette smokers following smoking induction (Madden & Zwaan, 2001;Zwaan, Stanfield & Madden, 2000;Zwaan & Truitt, 1998), and in habitual cravers following food craving induction (Kemps et al, 2008). However, the present experiment goes further in locating the deficit in the visuo-spatial sketch pad component of working memory.…”

Section: Moderating Role Of Trait Chocolate Cravingcontrasting

confidence: 45%

The selective impact of chocolate craving on visuospatial working memory

2010

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The present study aimed to extend previous research into cognitive impairments as a consequence of food craving. In particular, the study examined the impact of chocolate craving on the three components of working memory: the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad, and the central executive, assessed by the digit span, corsi blocks, and the double span tasks, respectively. A sample of 96 female undergraduate students were randomly assigned to a craving or control condition. Participants in the craving condition abstained from eating chocolate for 24 hours prior to testing, and performed the cognitive tasks in the presence of chocolate, a manipulation that successfully elicited chocolate cravings. As predicted on the basis of the visual imagery nature of food cravings, participants in the craving condition performed more poorly on the Corsi blocks task than control participants, but the groups did not differ on the digit span or double span measures. These results indicate that chocolate cravings selectively disrupt performance on visuospatial tasks.According to the working memory model, this occurs because food cravings compete for limited visuospatial working memory resources. These findings have practical implications in that visuospatial memory plays an important role in many everyday behaviours.

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Section: Moderating Role Of Trait Chocolate Cravingcontrasting

confidence: 45%

The selective impact of chocolate craving on visuospatial working memory

2010

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“…Because craving states are relatively transient [62,63] and delays of rewards substantially influence their relative value [60], the task was designed to be as short as possible (~90 seconds) and all alcohol and/or money selected was provided immediately following the task. To maximize the validity of the choice task, participants were provided with actual alcohol and/or money based on their choices.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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et al. 2007

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Background: Craving for alcohol is a highly controversial subjective construct and may be clarified by Loewenstein's visceral theory, which emphasizes craving's behavioral effects on the relative value of alcohol. Based on the visceral theory, this study examined the effects of a craving induction on the relative value of alcohol as measured by a behavioral choice task. In addition, based on previous evidence of its role in the expression of craving, the influence of DRD4 VNTR genotype (DRD4-L vs. DRD4-S) was also examined.

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“…Such studies have shown that smokers are slower to name the ink colour of smoking-related words than that of neutral control words in the Stroop task (Gross et al 1993;Waters and Feyerabend 2000). Similarly, presentation of smoking cues slow smokers' reaction times for targets (Sayette and Hufford 1994;Baxter and Hinson 2001), and reduce smokers' comprehension of demanding linguistic material (Zwaan and Truitt 1998;Zwaan et al 2000;Madden and Zwaan 2001) relative to control conditions. These findings demonstrate that smoking cues command limited processing resources, and thereby reduce the processing resources available for other behavioural operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%