How officers spend their time with the community

Parks, Roger B.; Mastrofski, Stephen D.; DeJong, Christina; Gray, M. Kevin

doi:10.1080/07418829900094241

Cited by 107 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Officer-initiated calls comprised 32.4 percent of the calls and 4.5 percent were citizeninitiated. These findings were consistent with Parks, Mastrofski, Dejong, and Gray (1999), who found that patrol generalist officers initiated 35 percent of their encounters during an eight-hour shift, compared to 60 percent of encounters initiated by community policing specialist officers.…”

Section: Patrolsupporting

confidence: 93%

The impact of new immigration patterns on the provision of police services in midwestern communities

Culver

2004

Journal of Criminal Justice

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Section: Patrolsupporting

confidence: 93%

The impact of new immigration patterns on the provision of police services in midwestern communities

Culver

2004

Journal of Criminal Justice

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“…The institutional framework has served as the foundation for a number of studies examining police practices (see Burruss et al, 2012;Katz, 2001;Parks et al, 1999;Pelfrey, 2007;Renauer, 2007;Willis et al, 2007;Wilson, 2005;Zhao et al, 2001). In his qualitative exploration of specialized gang units, Katz (2001) concluded that agencies which did not confront an actual gang problem experienced external pressure to combat gang violence.…”

Section: Institutional Theory and Isomorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional Pressures and Isomorphism

Carter

2016

Police Quarterly

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Previous research employing an institutional theoretical framework posits environmental factors play an integral role in the adoption of police practices. The present study applies this framework to examine the adoption of intelligence-led policing (ILP). Data from a purposive sample of national intelligence personnel from 254 agencies are used to employ both a measurement and structural model to explain ILP adoption. Weighted least squares estimation is employed through an asymptotic distribution free function to estimate the measurement and structural equation models. Models exhibit good fit indices, while institutional pressures, among others, had a significant and positive effect on ILP adoption. Findings support the role of institutional pressures in the diffusion of police practice. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.

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“…What is the right staffing model (Bittner 1990)? How do officers spend their time in the hot spots, or indeed any communities (Parks et al 1999;see also Webster 1970)? These are clearly important questions, particularly in an era of austerity when more than 80 % of police budget is allocated to salaries.…”

Section: Implications For Policing Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“Soft” policing at hot spots—do police community support officers work? A randomized controlled trial

2016

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Objectives To determine whether crime-reduction effects of increased police patrols in hot spots are dependent on the Bhard^threat of immediate physical arrest, or whether Bsoft^patrols by civilian (but uniformed) police staff with few arrest powers and no weapons can also reduce crime. We also sought to assess whether the number of discrete patrol visits to a hot spot was more or less important than the total minutes of police presence across all visits, and whether effects based on counts of crime would be consistent with effects on a Crime Harm Index outcome. Methods We randomly assigned 72 hot spots into 34 treatment units and 38 controls. Treatment consisted of increases in foot patrol by uniformed, unarmed, Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) who carry no weapons and hold few arrest powers beyond those of ordinary citizens. GPS-trackers on every PCSO and Constable in the city yielded precise measurements of all patrol time in all hot spots. Standardized mean differences (Cohen's d), OLS regression model, and Weighted Displacement Quotient are used to assess main effects, to model the interaction effect of GPS data with treatment, and to measure the diffusion-of-benefits of the intervention, respectively. Outcomes included counts of incidents as well as the Cambridge Crime Harm Index. Results As intended, patrol visits and minutes by Police Constables were equal across the treatment and control groups. The sole difference in policing between the treatments groups was in visits to the hot spots by PCSOs, in both the mean daily frequency of discrete visits (T = 4.65, C = 2.66; p ≤ .001) and total minutes across all visits (T = 37.41, J Exp Criminol (2016) 12:277-317 DOI 10.1007/s11292-016-9260-

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How officers spend their time with the community

Cited by 107 publications

References 13 publications

The impact of new immigration patterns on the provision of police services in midwestern communities

The impact of new immigration patterns on the provision of police services in midwestern communities

Institutional Pressures and Isomorphism

“Soft” policing at hot spots—do police community support officers work? A randomized controlled trial

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