How muscle architecture and moment arms affect wrist flexion-extension moments

Gonzalez, Roger V.; Buchanan, Thomas S.; Delp, Scott L.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(97)00015-8

Cited by 150 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…4B shows that torques were lower than flexor torques, as generally found in the literature. The measured highest peak was recorded at a slightly flexed position (+10°), which contrasts with findings in [16][17][18][19] where peaks were mainly located in the extension region. However, measurements in Garner and Pandy [9] were similar to those of the present work with the highest peaks occurring in flexion.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…Fig. 6 also confirms findings in [18][19], even though in these works FCU was found to operate also at shorter lengths, while the range of motion of FCR in [18] was located on the plateau region of the force-length relationship. However, it must be emphasized that the results shown herein refer to FCU, FCR and FDS lumped together and the range of motion used during the experiments was smaller than the ones in the two cited works.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Indeed, a smaller value of L TS /L oM for extensors indicates stiffer musculotendon actuators with smaller muscle excursion predominantly located in the upper part of the ascending limb, hence higher forces, as also found in [8,19]. At the same time, extensors are also characterized by a larger L oM /MA ave ratio [18][19]. As a consequence, a major role in the joint moment is played by the MAs more than muscle forces: even though extensors are characterized by larger forces than flexors, extensor torques are smaller because of the smaller values of MA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…4A shows a shallower trend with regard to the flexor moment variability when compared to data from [16][17][18][19]. In the works from [16][17][18] flexor moment peaks were mainly located in the flexed region, while in Garner and Pandy [9] the highest peak was located at 0°. In the present study the highest values were found in extended positions as also reported in [19] and in [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Subject-specific musculoskeletal parameters of wrist flexors and extensors estimated by an EMG-driven musculoskeletal model

Colacino

Rustighi

Mace

2012

Medical Engineering & Physics

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An EMG-driven musculoskeletal model is implemented to estimate subject-specific musculoskeletal parameters such as the optimal physiological muscle length, the tendon slack length and the maximum isometric muscle force of flexor and extensor muscle groups crossing the wrist, as well as biomechanical indexes to quantify the muscle operating range, the stiffness of the musculotendon actuators, and the contribution of the muscle fibers to the joint moment. Twelve healthy subjects (11 males and 1 female, mean age 31.1 ± 8.7 years) were instructed to perform isometric maximum voluntary contractions of wrist flexors and extensors. Recorded EMGs were used as input to the model and the root mean square error (RMSE) between measured and predicted torque was minimised to estimate the subject-specific musculotendon parameters. The model was validated and the RMSE and the normalised RMSE calculated during estimation and validation phases are compared. Estimated subject-specific musculoskeletal parameters vary in a physiological range, while the biomechanical indexes are in agreement with previously published data. The proposed methodology proved to be effective for the in-vivo estimation of physiological parameters of the musculotendon complex and has potential as an investigative tool to distinguish aetiological differences among subjects affected by musculoskeletal disorders.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Subject-specific musculoskeletal parameters of wrist flexors and extensors estimated by an EMG-driven musculoskeletal model

Colacino

Rustighi

Mace

2012

Medical Engineering & Physics

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“…The resultant Pleistocene sample includes the Amud 1, La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1, Feldhofer 1, La Ferrassie 1 and 2, Kebara 2, Kiik-Koba 1, Regourdou 1, Shani-tional area (PCSA) of muscle acting across the joint and the muscle's effective mechanical advantage (EMA) (Gonzalez et al 1997;Lieber and Boakes 1988;Narici et al 1992;Zajac 1992). The effective or physiological cross sectional area (pCSA) = (m/ρl) cos θ, where m is muscle mass, ρ is muscle density, l is fascicle length, and θ is pennation angle (Zajac 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2011

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Researchers have repeatedly noted a flange of bone along the distodorsoradial margin of the Neandertal first metacarpal diaphysis, marking the insertion of the opponens pollicis muscle. It has been argued that this flange represents both greater muscle volume and greater leverage for the opponens pollicis. Here we assess the potential for increased mechanical effectiveness of the opponens pollicis in rotation and abduction in Neandertals as compared with Middle Paleolithic, Mid Upper Paleolithic, and recent modern humans. The radial displacement of the insertion for the opponens pollicis was assessed as a proxy for the moment arm for this muscle in rotation and abduction. Radial protrusion, both absolute and scaled to body size, was found to be greater in Neandertals and the Middle Paleolithic modern humans as compared with more recent humans, suggesting greater mechanical effectiveness of this muscle in Middle Paleolithic populations. This pattern may be the result of increased technological advancement after the Middle Paleolithic, resulting in a decreased need for muscular strength. INTRODUCTION Paleoanthropologists have noted several aspects of the Neandertal upper limb that likely signify the ability to produce larger joint torques compared to those of early and recent modern humans. These include increased scapular spine height, more medial orientation of the radial tuberosity, increased diaphyseal curvature of the radius, relative lengthening of the neck of the radius, increased palmar tuberosities of the scaphoid, trapezium and hamate, pollical phalangeal proportions, and opponens flanges on the external diaphyses of metacarpals 1 and 5 (Churchill and Rhodes 2006;Hambücken 1993; Musgrave 1971;Trinkaus 1983Trinkaus , 2006Trinkaus and Churchill 1988;Villemeur 1994). These differences would theoretically increase joint leverage, allowing Neandertals to have generated larger joint torques for a given muscle volume. In particular, one of these features, the bony flange on the distodorsoradial margin of the metacarpal 1 diaphysis, has been argued to reflect both an hypertrophy of and a greater moment arm for the opponens pollicis muscle.The presence of a prominent opponens flange on the Neandertal distodorsoradial metacarpal 1 diaphysis for the opponens pollicis (OP) muscle has been repeatedly noted since it was first highlighted by Sarasin (1932), in both mature individuals (Bonch-Osmolovskij 1941;Heim 1982a;Kimura 1976; Musgrave 1971;Trinkaus 1983;Vandermeersch 1991;Villemeur 1994;Vlček 1975Vlček , 1978 and young Neandertals (Heim 1982b;Vlček 1975). It has been used to infer an hypertrophy of the OP muscle (BonchOsmolovskij 1941;Heim 1982a;Trinkaus 1983;Vlček 1975), although the size and rugosity of the muscle insertion area on the radiopalmar edge of the flange can be relatively easily matched among early and recent modern humans (Kimura 1976). It was further suggested (Trinkaus 1983: 274) that it might have increased the moment arm of the muscle, an hypothesis that remains untested.Given that the O...

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Dynamic Musculoskeletal Functional Morphology: Integrating diceCT and XROMM

Orsbon

Gidmark

Ross

2018

The Anatomical Record

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The tradeoff between force and velocity in skeletal muscle is a fundamental constraint on vertebrate musculoskeletal design (form:function relationships). Understanding how and why different lineages address this biomechanical problem is an important goal of vertebrate musculoskeletal functional morphology. Our ability to answer questions about the different solutions to this tradeoff has been significantly improved by recent advances in techniques for quantifying musculoskeletal morphology and movement. Herein, we have three objectives: (1) review the morphological and physiological parameters that affect muscle function and how these parameters interact; (2) discuss the necessity of integrating morphological and physiological lines of evidence to understand muscle function and the new, high resolution imaging technologies that do so; and (3) present a method that integrates high spatiotemporal resolution motion capture (XROMM, including its corollary fluoromicrometry), high resolution soft tissue imaging (diceCT), and electromyography to study musculoskeletal dynamics in vivo. The method is demonstrated using a case study of in vivo primate hyolingual biomechanics during chewing and swallowing. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that small deviations in reconstructed hyoid muscle attachment site location introduce an average error of 13.2% to in vivo muscle kinematics. The observed hyoid and muscle kinematics suggest that hyoid elevation is produced by multiple muscles and that fascicle rotation and tendon strain decouple fascicle strain from hyoid movement and whole muscle length. Lastly, we highlight current limitations of these techniques, some of which will likely soon be overcome through methodological improvements, and some of which are inherent. Anat Rec, 301:378-406, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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How muscle architecture and moment arms affect wrist flexion-extension moments

Cited by 150 publications

References 23 publications

Subject-specific musculoskeletal parameters of wrist flexors and extensors estimated by an EMG-driven musculoskeletal model

Subject-specific musculoskeletal parameters of wrist flexors and extensors estimated by an EMG-driven musculoskeletal model

Untitled

Dynamic Musculoskeletal Functional Morphology: Integrating diceCT and XROMM

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