How much energy is stored in SARS‐CoV‐2 and its structural elements?

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the virus causing the COVID‐19 disease. Data regarding the morphological properties of this virus are collected from the literature and then the energy stored in each structural element is calculated with Domalski and Hearing's group contribution method. Viruses, including the Corona viruses, derive all of their energy from the host cell and carry out all of their activities with this energy. SARS‐CoV‐2 construct a vehicle needed for the delivery of its mRNA to other hosts to inflict them with the disease. Upon transfer of the viral RNA to the new host, the remaining parts of the viral structure are discarded. Structural and molecular assessments showed that the chemical formula of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is C 7,336,852 H 12,384,463 N 1,247,424 O 1,915,357 P 100,231 S 25,084 and its enthalpy of formation is −8.70 × 10 −16 kJ. Comparison of SARS‐CoV‐2 with the other viruses shows that its elemental composition does not like any of the others. The results of this study are expected to improve our knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of this virus.

Strain wars 3: Differences in infectivity and pathogenicity between Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 can be explained by thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding and growth

“…The empirical formula of the Wild type nucleocapsid is CH 1.5708 O 0.3452 N 0.3125 P 0.0060 S 0.0033 [Popovic and Minceva, 2020b] . Similar results were reported by Degueldre [2021] and Şimşek et al [2021] . Elemental composition of the Wild type, Delta and Omicron strains are different.…”

Strain Wars: Competitive interactions between SARS-CoV-2 strains are explained by Gibbs energy of antigen-receptor binding

“…In late 2019, a new infectious disease appeared in Wuhan, China, which later became known as COVID-19. Soon after, the disease agent was isolated, named SARS-CoV-2, and chemically (Popovic and Minceva, 2020; Popovic, 2022 ; Degueldre, 2021 ; Şimşek et al 2021 ) and thermodynamically characterized (Popovic & Minceva, 2020, 2021). The virus spread, causing a pandemic.…”

Strain wars 2: Binding constants, enthalpies, entropies, Gibbs energies and rates of binding of SARS-CoV-2 variants

“…It belongs to RNA viruses, showing a great tendency to mutate ( Duffy, 2018 ). Hu-1 strain has been characterized chemically and thermodynamically ( Popovic and Minceva, 2020b ; Şimşek et al, 2021 ). Interactions between the Hu-1 strain with other respiratory viruses is described in ( Popovic and Minceva, 2021a ).…”

“…What soil is for plants, host organisms are for viruses. Various virus strains are characterized by different chemical and thermodynamic properties ( Şimşek et al, 2021 ; Gale, 2021 ; Popovic and Minceva, 2020a , 2020b ). Every virus strain has its own characteristic empirical formula.…”