“…After some earlier attempts to account for the dispersion of multinational activities across dissimilar geographic regions (Buhner, 1987;Grant, 1987;Kim, Hwang, & Burgers, 1989), research moved beyond a comparison of domestic firms to MNEs, researchers emphasized the multidimensional nature of the multinationality construct (Tallman & Li, 1996;Thomas & Eden, 2004;Sullivan, 1994) with researchers exploring the impact of international scope, degree, and institutional diversity, on MNE performance and a number of parallels drawn to product diversification theories (e.g., Contractor et al, 2003;Goerzen & Beamish, 2003;Makino, Isobe, & Chan, 2004;Tallman & Li, 1996;Thomas & Eden, 2004;Tong, Alessandri, Reuer, & Chintakananda, 2008). A distinction was established between degree and scope of international diversification, defined as the geographic range or breadth of the firm's foreign presence (Goerzen & Beamish, 2003;Tallman and Li, 1996;Wiersema & Bowen, 2008).…”