How Many Hours Do You Have to Work to Be Integrated? Full Time and Part Time Employment of Native and Ethnic Minority Women in the Netherlands

Abstract

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Labor Force Participation of Immigrant Women in the Netherlands: Do Traditional Partners Hold Them Back?

“…For Surinamese and Antilleans, we still find a higher FLFP than for native Dutch after accounting for individual characteristics, which has also been observed in previous studies (Bevelander and Groeneveld ). Adding women's gender role attitudes and ultimately the partner's gender role attitudes slightly decreases the difference in FLFP, whereas the partner's labor market resources seem to matter less.…”

“…This indicates that variations in partner characteristics seem to be a less important ingredient in explaining differences in FLFP between these three ethnic groups. This is an interesting finding, particularly within the context of previous research, which could not explain differences between these ethnic groups entirely with compositional differences in women's human capital and household conditions (Bevelander and Groeneveld 2010;Khoudja and Fleischmann 2015). One reason for this finding might be that our sample consists only of couples, whereas the previous studies also included single women.…”

Use It or Save It? Migration Background and Parental Leave Uptake in Sweden

“…It has long been noted that the experiences, benefits and costs of migration for women and men are different (Boyd 1984;Pedraza 1991). This holds for a variety of contexts (see, e.g., Bevelander and Groeneveld 2010;Helgertz 2010;Le and Miller 2010;Rebhun 2008) and is often termed a double disadvantage for women (Boyd 1984;Tang 1997). Immigrant women often carry the additional burden of migrating to a sex-segregated occupational structure and are also ascribed lower status based on both gendered and ethnic roles (Boyd 1984).…”

Biographies and the doubleness of inclusion and exclusion

“…Moreover, these women are more frequently unemployed than men from their own and men and women from other ethnic groups (e.g. Bevelander & Groeneveld, 2010;Gijsberts & Dagevos, 2004) and those who have jobs have ones with low salaries and little status or the women are overqualified for the work they are doing (Eijberts, 2013;Keuzenkamp & Merens, 2006;Van der Zwaard, 2008;Van Tubergen, 2006). These women thus appear to be culturally and socio-economically isolated (Bevelander & Groeneveld, 2010;Van Tubergen, 2006;VROM: Wonen, Wijken, and Integratie, 2007) and considered to be passive, oppressed victims who are held back by their religious faith and the men of their culture (Buitelaar, 2009;Roggeband & Verloo, 2007).…”

“…Bevelander & Groeneveld, 2010;Gijsberts & Dagevos, 2004) and those who have jobs have ones with low salaries and little status or the women are overqualified for the work they are doing (Eijberts, 2013;Keuzenkamp & Merens, 2006;Van der Zwaard, 2008;Van Tubergen, 2006). These women thus appear to be culturally and socio-economically isolated (Bevelander & Groeneveld, 2010;Van Tubergen, 2006;VROM: Wonen, Wijken, and Integratie, 2007) and considered to be passive, oppressed victims who are held back by their religious faith and the men of their culture (Buitelaar, 2009;Roggeband & Verloo, 2007). Since migrant women are believed to lag behind when it comes to Dutch core values like women's emancipation (Sniderman & Hagendoorn, 2007), which is supposed to be achieved by having one's own income and a job (Mees, 2006;Portegijs, 2006), increasing their economic participation is presumed to be particularly important.…”