Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. Using standard regression methods we compare labour force outcomes of age-sex-schooling-place of birth cohorts looking specifically at non-economic (family reunion and refugee intake) immigrants from Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan and the former Yugoslavia. We find that the employment and earning trajectories of the selected non-economic migrant groups are quite similar in the two host countries, although earnings are higher in Canada than in Sweden.JEL Classification: F22, J61, J68

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hz this article the employment performance of native and foreign-born men in Sweden is examined in the period 1970 longitudinal data, the relative chance of obtaining first employment during the first two years in the labour market for natives and various immigrant groups is estimated. The main hypothesis tested is to what kind and what degree structural changes in the labour market affect the employment performance ofivarious immigrant groups. The results show that since the middle of the 1980s, there has been a change in employment performance among immigrant nzen, who are perceived to be culturally and linguistically less close to Sweden. It is during this period that stnwtural changes in the labour nzarket occurred, in particular the organizational and technological changes that demand more comnzunicative and interpersonal skills, that is, Sweden-specific skills. Cet article dtudie la situation de l'emploi, pendant Ies ann&s 1970-1995, d'hommes qui sont nds en Suede, et la compare h celle d'hommes n(s h l'(tranger. Par le biais de donn~es longitudinales, on ~value la chance d' obtenir un premier emploi pendant Ies deux prenzikres anndes sur le marchd de travail pour Ies honzmes nds en Su?de d'une part et pour divers groupes d'immigrants d'autre part. L'hypoth?se principale dt l'dtude repose sur la qualitd et l'intensit~ de l'impact qu'ont les changenwnts structurazo: au sein du nzarchd de travail sur la situation de l'emploi de groupes d'immigrants d'origines diverses. Les rdsultats indiquent qu'il existe depuis 1985 un changement de la situation de I'emploi pour les immigrds qui sont perfus conzme ~tant plus distincts, sur les plans cultureI et linguistique, des Sukdes. C'est pendant cette p&iode qu'ont dt( g(ndralis~s des changements strzwturaux au nzarchd de l' enzploi, en particulier des changements organisationnels et technologiques, qui exigent davantage des comp(tences comnzunicatives et interpersonelles, c'est-h-dire, des habilet~;s qui varient d'un pays h l'autre et qui sont donc, pour cette dtude, spec!fiques la Subde.

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Recent research suggests that self-employment among immigrants is due to a combination of multiple situational, cultural and institutional factors, all acting together. By using multilevel regression and unique data on the entire population of Sweden for the year 2007, this study attempts to quantify the relative importance for the self-employed of embeddedness in ethnic contexts (country of birth) and regional business and public regulatory frameworks (labour market areas). This information indicates whether the layers under consideration are a valid construct of the surroundings that influence individual self-employment.The results show that 10 % (female) and 8% (men) of the total variation in individual differences in self-employment can be attributed to country of birth. When labour market areas are included in the analyses the share of the total variation increases to 14 % for women and 12 % for men. The results show that the ethnic context and the economic environment play a minor role in understanding individual differences in self-employment levels. The results can have important implications when planning interventions or other actions focusing on self-employment as public measures to promote self-employment often are based on geographic areas and ethnic contexts.2