“…However, its disadvantages cannot be ignored. The main deficiencies are: 1. the need for a trusted administrator (Corno, De Russis, et al, 2020); 2. the risk that the entire network will be paralysed and disrupted if the centralised server suffers an attack (Mistry, Tanwar, et al, 2020); 3. the failure to guarantee data traceability and non-tamperability (Brous, Janssen, et al, 2020). Encrypted centralised storage solutions (Kopp, Mödinger, 2019) can make some improvements to the deficiency 3, but the first two deficiencies are determined by the centralised structure itself, particularly in deficiency 1.…”