How Important are Locational Characteristics for Rural Non-agricultural Employment? Lessons from Brazil

Jonasson, Erik; Helfand, Steven M.

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.020

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Income diversification into nonfarm activities among farm households is thought to be particularly appealing as wages in the nonfarm sector grow (Ellis 2000). However, opportunities for income diversification may be limited for families living in more remote regions of the Amazon (Jonasson and Helfand 2010), further cementing reliance on extensive cattle ranching.…”

Section: The Complex Determinants Of Subjective Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the persistence of low income and environmentally degrading land uses in the Brazilian Amazon

Garrett¹,

Gardner²,

Morello³

et al. 2017

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Tropical forests continue to be plagued by the dual sustainability challenges of deforestation and rural poverty. We seek to understand why many of the farmers living in the Brazilian Amazon, home to the world's largest tropical agricultural-forest frontier, persist in agricultural activities associated with low incomes and high environmental damage. To answer this question, we assess the factors that shape the development and distribution of agricultural activities and farmer well-being in these frontiers. Our study utilizes a uniquely comprehensive social-ecological dataset from two regions in the eastern Brazilian Amazon and employs a novel conceptual framework that highlights the interdependencies between household attributes, agricultural activities, and well-being. We find that livestock production, which yields the lowest per hectare incomes, remains the most prevalent land use in remote areas, but many examples of high income fruit, horticulture, and staple crop production exist on small properties, particularly in peri-urban areas. The transition to more profitable land uses is limited by lagging supply chain infrastructure, social preferences, and the fact that income associated with land use activities is not a primary source of perceived life quality. Instead subjective well-being is more heavily influenced by the nonmonetary attributes of a rural lifestyle (safety, tranquility, community relations, etc.). We conclude that transitions away from low-income land uses in agricultural-forest frontiers of the Brazilian Amazon need not abandon a land-focused vision of development, but will require policies and programs that identify and discriminate households based on a broader set of household assets, cultural attributes, and aspirations than are traditionally applied. At a broader scale, access to distant markets for high value crops must be improved via investments in processing, storage, and marketing infrastructure.

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Section: The Complex Determinants Of Subjective Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the persistence of low income and environmentally degrading land uses in the Brazilian Amazon

Garrett¹,

Gardner²,

Morello³

et al. 2017

E&S

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“…On average, the share of agricultural income was higher for households leasing in farmland. Economic development and village location were significant for the development of the farmland lease market and non-farm employment opportunities [33]. About half of rural households leasing out farmland reported that they lived in plain villages with medium economic development.…”

Section: Surveyed Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why the Uncertain Term Occurs in the Farmland Lease Market: Evidence from Rural China

Zou

Luo

2018

Sustainability

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Urbanization and aging of the agricultural population lead to the insufficient supply of agricultural labor and land being idle in rural China, calling for the farmland lease market to maintain sustainable and efficient use of farmland. However, rural households tend to agree on an uncertain term for farmland leasing in/out, which leads to low efficiency and land loss in agriculture. Therefore, using the survey data collected from 2704 rural households and a logistic regression model, we examine the effects of risk faced by the rural households on the likelihood of the uncertain term for farmland leasing. Results reveal that a large share of labor with low education and high income increase the likelihood of an uncertain term for farmland leasing out activities, while a high disaster frequency, a high education of household and a high share of agricultural income increase the probability of an uncertain term for farmland leasing in activities. Additionally, leasing farmland to/from relatives or neighbors, informal contracts, low rent and the lack of pension insurance also increase the likelihood of the uncertain term for farmland leasing out/in activities. Findings suggest that more attention should be paid to education, agricultural insurance and social security system in rural areas.

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“…Además, se incluyó un grupo de variables dicotómicas con el propósito de capturar las diferencias entre las regiones geográficas incluidas en el estudio (Figura 1). Este tipo de variables ha sido considerado como elemento central en los procesos de desarrollo e incremento de bienestar que experimentan los hogares rurales (JONASSON;HELFAND, 2010;ELLIS, 1998).…”

Section: Modelo Empírico Y Método De Estimaciónunclassified

“…Por último, el contexto local está relacionado con la ubicación geográfica, las condiciones económicas de la economía local y la infraestructura, las cuales son cruciales para la participación en el sector no agropecuario (DIRVEN, 2011;JONASSON;HELFAND, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Participación en el sector no agropecuario en el México rural: una perspectiva de género

Mora‐Rivera

Domínguez

Villanueva

et al. 2017

Rev. bras. estud. popul.

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Los hogares rurales diversifican sus ingresos como estrategia para minimizar los riesgos, reducir la variabilidad y asegurar un nivel mínimo de ingreso. Con información panel de la Encuesta Nacional a Hogares Rurales de México, el presente estudio examina, bajo una perspectiva de género, los factores que determinan la participación en el sector no agropecuario. Los resultados señalan que en las ocupaciones asalariadas no agropecuarias, los hombres participan con menores niveles de escolaridad y la condición de indígena limita la incorporación de ambos géneros. En actividades no agropecuarias por cuenta propia son esenciales la riqueza acumulada del hogar y los servicios financieros, de comunicación y transporte.

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How Important are Locational Characteristics for Rural Non-agricultural Employment? Lessons from Brazil

Cited by 50 publications

References 18 publications

Explaining the persistence of low income and environmentally degrading land uses in the Brazilian Amazon

Explaining the persistence of low income and environmentally degrading land uses in the Brazilian Amazon

Why the Uncertain Term Occurs in the Farmland Lease Market: Evidence from Rural China

Participación en el sector no agropecuario en el México rural: una perspectiva de género

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