How Green Are the National Hydrogen Strategies?

Cheng, Wenting; Lee, Sora

doi:10.3390/su14031930

Cited by 71 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…More structures of diversely substituted porphyrins and metalloporphyrins proved their utility in acting as corrosion inhibitors for carbon–steel devices, working in both saline [ 9 , 10 , 11 ] and aggressive acid media [ 12 , 13 ]. Recently, as the global energy demand increases, and because hydrogen is considered to be a sustainable choice [ 14 , 15 ], its generation via the electrochemical water splitting method [ 16 , 17 ] involves porphyrins and metalloporphyrins as catalytic materials [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One A3B Porphyrin Structure—Three Successful Applications

et al. 2022

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Porphyrins are versatile structures capable of acting in multiple ways. A mixed substituted A3B porphyrin, 5-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-porphyrin and its Pt(II) complex, were synthesised and fully characterised by 1H- and 13C-NMR, TLC, UV-Vis, FT-IR, fluorescence, AFM, TEM and SEM with EDX microscopy, both in organic solvents and in acidic mediums. The pure compounds were used, firstly, as sensitive materials for sensitive and selective optical and fluorescence detection of hydroquinone with the best results in the range 0.039–6.71 µM and a detection limit of 0.013 µM and, secondly, as corrosion inhibitors for carbon–steel (OL) in an acid medium giving a best performance of 88% in the case of coverings with Pt-porphyrin. Finally, the electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) of the free-base and Pt-metalated A3B porphyrins was evaluated in strong alkaline and acidic electrolyte solutions. The best results were obtained for the electrode modified with the metalated porphyrin, drop-casted on a graphite substrate from an N,N-dimethylformamide solution. In the strong acidic medium, the electrode displayed an HER overpotential of 108 mV, at i = −10 mA/cm2 and a Tafel slope value of 205 mV/dec.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One A3B Porphyrin Structure—Three Successful Applications

et al. 2022

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“…Japan began to implement hydrogen utilization technology research and development projects as early as 1993. In 2017, Japan issued the basic strategy of hydrogen energy, it has set the goal of hydrogen energy society construction in 2050 and launched a specific action plan in the near and medium-term [11]. By 2020, the global cumulative sales of hydrogen-producing fuel cell vehicles in Japan had exceeded 12,000, and 142 hydrogen refueling stations had been built at that time.…”

Section: Overview Of Hydrogen Energy Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State-of-the-Art Progress on the Forms and Modes of Hydrogen and Ammonia Energy Utilization in Road Transportation

et al. 2022

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The crisscross progress of transportation and energy carries the migrating track of human society development and the evolution of civilization, among which the decarbonization strategy is a key issue. Traffic carbon emissions account for 16.2% of total energy carbon emissions, while road traffic carbon emissions account for 11.8% of total energy carbon emissions. Therefore, road traffic is a vital battlefield in attaining the goal of decarbonization. Employing clean energy as an alternative fuel is of great significance to the transformation of the energy consumption structure in road transportation. Hydrogen and ammonia are renewable energy with the characteristics of being widely distributed and clean. Both exist naturally in nature, and the products of complete combustion are substances (water and nitrogen) that do not pollute the atmosphere. Because it can promote agricultural production, ammonia has a long history in human society. Both have the potential to replace traditional fossil fuel energy. An overview of the advantages of hydrogen and ammonia, as well as their development in different countries such as the United States, the European Union, Japan, and other major development regions is presented in this paper. Related research topics of hydrogen and ammonia’s production, storage and transferring technology have also been analyzed and collated to stimulate the energy production chain for road transportation. The current cost of green hydrogen is between $2.70–$8.80 globally, which is expected to approach $2–$6 by 2030. Furthermore, the technical development of hydrogen and ammonia as a fuel for engines and fuel cells in road transportation is compared in detail, and the tests, practical applications and commercial popularization of these technologies are summarized, respectively. Opportunities and challenges coexist in the era of the renewable energy. Based on the characteristics and development track of hydrogen and ammonia, the joint development of these two types of energy is meant to be imperative. The collaborative development mode of hydrogen and ammonia, together with the obstacles to their development of them are both compared and discussed. Finally, referring to the efforts and experiences of different countries in promoting hydrogen and ammonia in road transportation, corresponding constructive suggestions have been put forward for reference. At the end of the paper, a framework diagram of hydrogen and ammonia industry chains is provided, and the mutual promotion development relationship of the two energy sources is systematically summarized.

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“…In the quest for climate change mitigation, at least 28 countries have plans to transition toward the hydrogen economy. One of these countries is Japan, which has formulated a national hydrogen framework to strategically develop hydrogen and fuel cell sectors for transportation. , Most of today’s hydrogen is produced by an industrially mature process that is steam methane reforming (SMR) including the water–gas shift reaction, which combines methane from natural gas with steam to produce hydrogen. , However, SMR, which accounts for over 80% of the world’s hydrogen production, produces at least 7 kg of CO 2 -equivalent emissions per kg of H 2 . Due to its high CO 2 emissions, hydrogen produced by SMR is labeled as “gray” hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Hydrogen and Ammonia Technologies with Nonthermal Plasma Catalysis: Mechanistic Insights and Technoeconomic Analysis

Lim

Yifei

Bella

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The search for novel catalytic processes is essential to combat climate change by tapping into sustainable hydrogen technologies, which rely on low-carbon H 2 production and efficient H 2 storage for global transportation. Ammonia, which can function as a H 2 carrier for later dehydrogenation in CO x -free hydrogen production, is recognized as one of the key solutions. The utilization of nonthermal plasma to catalyze reactions is a plausible means of replacing CO 2 -polluting fossil-dependent thermal processes. In this perspective, we summarize currently explored mechanistic insights in the catalytic plasma reactions to evaluate their readiness for industrial applications and propose future research outlooks in plasma-driven hydrogen technologies, with a primary focus on ammonia reactions. Relevant reaction mechanisms and catalytic design in other reaction systems that involve hydrogen storage (e.g., CO 2 hydrogenation, CO 2 methanation) and hydrogen production (e.g., methane reforming) are also evaluated to supplement our primary discussion on ammonia synthesis and decomposition. We further discuss possible implications of using plasma catalysis from the perspective of energy efficiency in comparison to existing thermal-catalytic counterparts, wherein we include insights obtained from different reaction systems, catalyst design innovations, and reactor engineering. Herein, we present current research gaps and propose future research directions to achieve energy-efficient catalytic plasma hydrogen technologies.

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How Green Are the National Hydrogen Strategies?

Cited by 71 publications

References 37 publications

One A3B Porphyrin Structure—Three Successful Applications

One A3B Porphyrin Structure—Three Successful Applications

The State-of-the-Art Progress on the Forms and Modes of Hydrogen and Ammonia Energy Utilization in Road Transportation

Sustainable Hydrogen and Ammonia Technologies with Nonthermal Plasma Catalysis: Mechanistic Insights and Technoeconomic Analysis

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