How Far Has China’s Urbanization Gone?

Xiao, Yanhe; Song, Yan; Wu, Xiaodong

doi:10.3390/su10082953

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…During this period, the emergence of bipolar membranes, leading to new and different applications where pH differences play a major role (production of acids and bases, recovery of organic acids), the growing importance of resource recovery and related selective recovery of anions and metals, and the design of alternative electrodialysis stack configurations, which are intended for selective separation in a series of applications [ 4 ], in parallel with an increase in population and urbanization of the Asia-Pacific region accelerated the needs for electrodialytic systems. As an example, China experienced a very significant boom in its urbanization from the 1990s with the rise of the Chinese economy [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Hence, between the beginnings of the country’s opening to a market economy in 1978 and 2013, the Chinese urban population increased more than fourfold, from 172 to 731 million people.…”

Section: Overview Of Electrodialytic Equipment Market and Manufactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialytic Processes: Market Overview, Membrane Phenomena, Recent Developments and Sustainable Strategies

Bazinet

Geoffroy

2020

Membranes

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In the context of preserving and improving human health, electrodialytic processes are very promising perspectives. Indeed, they allow the treatment of water, preservation of food products, production of bioactive compounds, extraction of organic acids, and recovery of energy from natural and wastewaters without major environmental impact. Hence, the aim of the present review is to give a global portrait of the most recent developments in electrodialytic membrane phenomena and their uses in sustainable strategies. It has appeared that new knowledge on pulsed electric fields, electroconvective vortices, overlimiting conditions and reversal modes as well as recent demonstrations of their applications are currently boosting the interest for electrodialytic processes. However, the hurdles are still high when dealing with scale-ups and real-life conditions. Furthermore, looking at the recent research trends, potable water and wastewater treatment as well as the production of value-added bioactive products in a circular economy will probably be the main applications to be developed and improved. All these processes, taking into account their principles and specificities, can be used for specific eco-efficient applications. However, to prove the sustainability of such process strategies, more life cycle assessments will be necessary to convince people of the merits of coupling these technologies.

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Section: Overview Of Electrodialytic Equipment Market and Manufactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialytic Processes: Market Overview, Membrane Phenomena, Recent Developments and Sustainable Strategies

Bazinet

Geoffroy

2020

Membranes

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“…The results of analysis in this study pointed to the conclusion that urbanization quality, as well as the coupling coordination degree of five dimensions, was getting better and better during 2005-2015. However, despite the continuous improvement of urbanization quality in China [90], China's urbanization is still in a relatively low level of sustainability [91]. In 2015, only Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Zhejiang were in the high-quality grade of comprehensive urbanization, while no region was in the satisfactory grade, and most regions were in the medium-quality grade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What we now face in China is the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever-growing needs for a better life. Disparity between the east and the west remains a major issue for China to address [90]. In brief, there was still a long way to go to realize the comprehensive improvement of urbanization in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Dilemmas of Sustainable Urbanization in China: A New Perspective Based on the Concept of Five-in-One

et al. 2018

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A large amount of ink has been spilled to paint the picture of China’s urbanization. However, more research might be done on the connotation of sustainable urbanization in China. On the basis of a literature review, this study is the first to propose the perspective of evaluating the sustainability of urbanization from the five dimensions of urbanization: economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological. Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and entropy method, a five-dimensional indicator system was established to evaluate the urbanization quality of 31 provincial regions in China during 2005–2015. Then, the coupling coordination degree model was used to calculate the coupling coordination degree of the five dimensions for each region. Furthermore, Moran’s I index and a local indicators of spatial association (LISA) cluster map were used to measure and describe the spatial disparity. Finally, a factor identification model was used to recognize the weaknesses of each region. This study leads to four major findings. (1) In 2015, only ecological urbanization had a high-quality and balanced development, while the development of cultural urbanization was inadequate and regionally unbalanced. Economic, ecological, and cultural dimensions had a significantly positive global spatial autocorrelation. The local spatial autocorrelation varies with dimension. (2) The quality of comprehensive urbanization increased during 2005–2015, while the regional disparity experienced a reduction. A positive global spatial autocorrelation was shown during 2005–2015. The High-High type in the eastern coastal areas centralized over time, while the Low-Low type in the western areas experienced a decline, and the Low-High type was stabilized in the central areas. Only Chongqing was in the High-Low type in 2015. (3) The increase of coupling coordination degree and decrease of coefficient of variation indicated a favorable situation. The coupling coordination degree also had a positive global spatial autocorrelation during 2005–2015. Both the High-High and Low-Low types experienced an obvious shrink and displacement. The Low-High type expanded and centralized in the central areas, while the High–Low type was in Guangdong in 2005, and in Chongqing in 2015. (4) The highest obstacle degrees of each region were all within the cultural dimension, while the ecological dimension caused the least resistance. The lack of innovation had become the biggest barrier in most regions. Based on the above conclusions, this paper concludes with recommendations for policy makers to advance sustainable urbanization in China. Meanwhile, this study can provide lessons and suggestions for other developing countries in the world.

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“…This rapid rise in urbanization and infrastructures can create several problems for the agriculture sector because peoples have started to convert their arable lands into commercial and residential areas. Xiao et al [9] concluded that if we take China as an example, the rise of urbanization and infrastructure development in China is increased very fast compared to other countries of the world. However, the share of the urban population is increased from 21.1% to 58.5% over the period 1982-2017 [10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the aeroponic agriculture – An emerging technology for global food security

Lakhiar

Gao

Syed

et al. 2020

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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Traditionally, crops are cultivated in soil-based open field systems. Seasonality, environmental degradation, urbanization, and food security issues have replaced open-field systems with modern plant production systems. Soilless culture is one of the modern plant production systems, which involves much higher use of available resources. The presented study provides information about currently accessible soilless systems and discussed the aeroponic system. Compared to other soilless systems, aeroponic reduce water usage through continuous water circulation. However, the aeroponic is not entirely implemented among local farmers, and very few farmers have adopted the system due to the lack of research and technical information available in the literature. Therefore, this study was planned to provide information about the development and maintenance tasks required for practicing the aeroponic system. This study could provide knowledge to the researchers, farmers, and those people interested in practicing the aeroponic system.

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How Far Has China’s Urbanization Gone?

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

Electrodialytic Processes: Market Overview, Membrane Phenomena, Recent Developments and Sustainable Strategies

Electrodialytic Processes: Market Overview, Membrane Phenomena, Recent Developments and Sustainable Strategies

The Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Dilemmas of Sustainable Urbanization in China: A New Perspective Based on the Concept of Five-in-One

Overview of the aeroponic agriculture – An emerging technology for global food security

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