How effective is the “Reasoning and Rehabilitation” programme in reducing reoffending? A meta-analysis of evaluations in four countries

Tong, Lyu; Farrington, David P.

doi:10.1080/10683160512331316253

Cited by 209 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Evaluation of R&R in correctional facilities has generally applied reconviction rates as the primary outcome measure [12,13]. Consistent with the findings of the present study, the ad hoc per protocol analysis of Cullen et al’s [18] 12-month follow-up data found a treatment effect for violent attitudes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Thus the program aims to modify cognitive skills and values; problem-solving skills are but one aspect and, although important, are secondary to the primary aim of pro-social competence. R&R has been widely researched; meta-analyses have supported its efficacy in a variety of settings with heterogeneous offenders and showing program attendees were 14% and 21% less likely to reoffend compared with controls when delivered in institutional and community settings respectively [12,13]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multi-site controlled trial of a cognitive skills program for mentally disordered offenders

2012

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BackgroundThe effectiveness of offending behaviour programs in forensic mental health settings is not well established. Thus this study aimed to evaluate the Reasoning and Rehabilitation Mental Health program (R&R2 MHP) among a mentally disordered offender (MDO) population.MethodsA sample of 121 adult males drawn from 10 forensic mental health sites completed questionnaires at baseline and post-treatment to assess violent attitudes, locus of control, social problem-solving and anger. An informant measure of social and psychological functioning, including disruptive behaviour, was completed by unit staff at the same time. At three month follow-up patients completed again the violent attitudes and locus of control questionnaires. The data of 67 patients who participated in the group condition were compared with 54 waiting-list controls who received treatment as usual.Results78% of group participants completed the program. In contrast to controls, significant treatment effects were found at outcome on self-reported measures of violent attitudes, rational problem-solving and anger cognitions. Improvements were endorsed by informant ratings of social and psychological functioning within the establishments. At follow-up significant treatment effects were found for both violent attitudes and locus of control.ConclusionsR&R2 MHP was effective in a sample of MDOs and had a comparatively low drop-out rate. Future research should use a randomized controlled design.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-site controlled trial of a cognitive skills program for mentally disordered offenders

2012

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“…It is a revised version of the 35-session Reasoning & Rehabilitation prosocial competence training programme which has a strong evidence base [21]. It was revised to be a shorter and more relevant intervention for individuals presenting with symptoms associated with ADHD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized controlled trial reporting functional outcomes of cognitive–behavioural therapy in medication-treated adults with ADHD and comorbid psychopathology

Young

Emilsson

Sigurðsson

et al. 2016

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Studies assessing psychological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults are increasingly reported. However, functional outcomes are often neglected in favour of symptom outcomes. We investigated functional outcomes in 95 adults with ADHD who were already treated with medication and randomized to receive treatment as usual (TAU/MED) or psychological treatment (CBT/MED) using a cognitive–behavioural programme, R&R2ADHD, which employs both group and individual modalities. RATE-S functional outcomes associated with ADHD symptoms, social functioning, emotional control and antisocial behaviour were given at baseline, end of treatment and three-month follow-up. The Total composite score of these scales is associated with life satisfaction. In addition, independent evaluator ratings of clinicians who were blind to treatment arm were obtained on the Clinical Global Impression scale at each time point. CBT/MED showed overall (combined outcome at end of treatment and 3-month follow-up) significantly greater functional improvement on all scales. Post-group treatment effects were maintained at follow-up with the exception of emotional control and the Total composite scales, which continued to improve. The largest treatment effect was for the RATE-S Total composite scale, associated with life satisfaction. CGI significantly correlated with all outcomes except for social functioning scale at follow-up. The study provides further evidence for the effectiveness of R&R2ADHD and demonstrates the importance of measuring functional outcomes. The key mechanism associated with improved functional outcomes is likely to be behavioural control.

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“…", or "For what other reasons might your victim have looked/stared at you?" Here, Socratic questioning is used as a form of guided discovery in which the overall aim is for the client to generate their own alternative cognitive perspectives (Dean et al, 2007;Tong & Farrington, 2008;Ware & Bright, 2008). In other words, it is up to the client to generate their own cognitive change based upon their own cognitive discoveries and reflections.…”

Section: Socratic Questioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic psychologists should use the behavioral experiment to facilitate cognitive change in clients who have offended

Gannon

2016

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. EnquiriesFor any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: researchsupport@kent.ac.uk If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html Gannon, Theresa A. (2016) examine the BE as a treatment technique and argue that widespread implementation of the BE could significantly improve CBT-based forensic psychological practice. I examine contemporary conceptualizations of cognition within forensic psychology as well as commonly used treatment techniques for instilling cognitive change. This analysis highlights that although some experiential techniques are used in forensic psychology to facilitate cognitive change (e.g., schema therapy), there is still a key focus on rational reasoning techniques such as Socratic questioning, psychoeducation, and thought monitoring. In this paper, I argue that current methods of instigating cognitive change within offending populations neglect key strategies necessary to generate convincing cognitive change. I offer the BE as a convincing and effective technique for facilitating change in problematic offender cognition at both the rational and experiential level. I offer several recommendations for how to design and incorporate BEs into forensic practice and provide examples of BE use in forensic settings. Citation for published version

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How effective is the “Reasoning and Rehabilitation” programme in reducing reoffending? A meta-analysis of evaluations in four countries

Cited by 209 publications

References 11 publications

A multi-site controlled trial of a cognitive skills program for mentally disordered offenders

A multi-site controlled trial of a cognitive skills program for mentally disordered offenders

A randomized controlled trial reporting functional outcomes of cognitive–behavioural therapy in medication-treated adults with ADHD and comorbid psychopathology

Forensic psychologists should use the behavioral experiment to facilitate cognitive change in clients who have offended

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