How does stocking density affect enhancement success for hatchery-reared red king crab?

Long, W. Christopher; Cummiskey, Peter A.; Munk, J. Eric

doi:10.1139/cjfas-2017-0330

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Further, for most species of crabs, smaller crabs are more vulnerable to predation. Red king crab juveniles have a decreasing chance of being predated upon as they get larger (Pirtle et al 2012;Long et al 2018), and juvenile blue crab, Callinecetes sapidus, suffer high predatory mortality when small, but get a partial size refute from predation once they reach 40 mm carapace width (Johnson et al 2008). Thus, decrease growth could indirectly increase predatory mortality for juvenile crabs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ocean acidification on young-of-the-year golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus) survival and growth

2021

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Ocean acidification, a reduction in the pH of the oceans caused by increasing CO 2 , can have negative physiological effects on marine species. In this study, we examined how CO 2 -driven acidification affected the growth and survival of juvenile golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus), an important fishery species in Alaska. Juveniles were reared from larvae in surface ambient pH seawater at the Kodiak Laboratory. Newly molted early benthic instar crabs were randomly assigned to one of three pH treatments: (1) surface ambient pH ~ 8.2, (2) likely in situ ambient pH 7.8, and (3) pH 7.5. Thirty crabs were held in individual cells in each treatment for 127 days and checked daily for molting or death. Molts and dead crabs were photographed under a microscope and measured using image analysis to assess growth and morphology. Mortality was primarily associated with molting in all treatments, differed among all treatments, and was highest at pH 7.5 and lowest at ambient pH. Crabs at pH 7.5 were smaller than crabs at ambient pH at the end of the experiment, both in terms of carapace length and wet mass; had a smaller growth increment after molting; had a longer intermolt period. Carapace morphology was not affected by pH treatment. Decreased growth and increased mortality in laboratory experiments suggest that lower pH could affect golden king crab stocks and fisheries. Future work should examine if larval rearing conditions affect the juvenile response to low pH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ocean acidification on young-of-the-year golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus) survival and growth

2021

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“…Studies on cultivated RKC suggest that this assumption may be reasonable for BKC (Long et al. ), but additional research, including an economic analysis incorporating those results, would be necessary before any attempt at large‐scale stock enhancement. Other types of network models are available that differ in regard to their underlying mathematics, representation of feedbacks and uncertainty, and required inputs (e.g., fuzzy cognitive maps and Bayesian belief networks [McCann et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid assessment of management options for promoting stock rebuilding in data‐poor species under climate change

Reum

McDonald

Long

et al. 2019

Conservation Biology

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The development of species recovery plans requires considering likely outcomes of different management interventions, but the complicating effects of climate change are rarely evaluated. We examined how qualitative network models (QNMs) can be deployed to support decision making when data, time, and funding limitations restrict use of more demanding quantitative methods. We used QNMs to evaluate management interventions intended to promote the rebuilding of a collapsed stock of blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus) (BKC) around the Pribilof Islands (eastern Bering Sea) to determine how their potential efficacy may change under climate change. Based on stakeholder input and a literature review, we constructed a QNM that described the life cycle of BKC, key ecological interactions, potential climate-change impacts, relative interaction strengths, and uncertainty in terms of interaction strengths and link presence. We performed sensitivity analyses to identify key sources of prediction uncertainty. Under a scenario of no climate change, predicted increases in BKC were reliable only when stock enhancement was implemented in a BKC hatchery-program scenario. However, when climate change was accounted for, the intervention could not counteract its adverse impacts, which had an overall negative effect on BKC. The remaining management scenarios related to changes in fishing effort on BKC predators. For those scenarios, BKC outcomes were unreliable, but climate change further decreased the probability of observing recovery. Including information on relative interaction strengths increased the likelihood of predicting positive outcomes for BKC approximately 5-50% under the management scenarios. The largest gains in prediction precision will be made by reducing uncertainty associated with ecological interactions between adult BKC and red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus). Qualitative network models are useful options when data are limited, but they remain underutilized in conservation. Evaluación Rápida de las Opciones de Manejo para la Promoción de la Recuperación de Especies con Deficiencia de Datos bajo el Cambio ClimáticoResumen: El desarrollo de los planes de recuperación de especies requiere de la consideración de los resultados probables de las diferentes intervenciones de manejo, pero los efectos agravantes del cambio climático rara vez * Address correspondence to J. C. P. Reum, email jonathan.reum@noaa.gov Article impact statement: Climate change can alter predicted outcomes of management interventions and qualitative network models can identify risks in data-limited settings.

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“…The Postrelease Survival Time Course.-A general postrelease mortality pattern starts with a conspicuously high mortality rate, followed by a period where mortality rate decreases until the mortality rate is stabilized at a relatively low level (e.g., Stoner and Davis 1994, Furuta et al 1998, Bettinger and Bettoli 2002, Shimizu et al 2008, Sudo et al 2008, Lebata-Ramos et al 2013, Melnychuk et al 2014, Long et al 2018, Poh et al 2018. Time course studies estimating postrelease mortality rate over time could provide important information about whether prerelease training programs work.…”

Section: Postrelease Performance Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reared to become wild-like: addressing behavioral and cognitive deficits in cultured aquatic animals destined for stocking into natural environments—a critical review

Näslund

2021

bms

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Hatchery-reared aquatic animals tend to perform worse in natural environments than wild conspecifics. This was pointed out over a century ago and while there are many possible causes, one persistent observation is that unnatural rearing environments cause behavioral expressions unsuitable for a life in the wild. Behavioral traits being adaptive in barren, food-rich, and predator-free hatchery tanks likely differ from those being adaptive in nature. More recently, suspicions of cognitive deficiencies due to sensory deprivation have also been raised. Over the last few decades, substantial research has been devoted to produce more wild-like phenotypes in animals reared for stocking. This research includes life-skills training programs, where animals learn to cope with important features of the natural environment (e.g., live food and predation risk), and environmental modifications aimed at stimulating the formation of adequate cognitive and behavioral traits (e.g., environmental enrichment and reduction of the number of individuals per tank). The main purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the current state-of-knowledge of interventions aimed at ameliorating cognitive and behavioral deficiencies in aquatic animals reared for stocking. Furthermore, it aims to provide a foundation to assist in the development of future questions, hypotheses, and experiments to eventually improve the postrelease performance of these animals.

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How does stocking density affect enhancement success for hatchery-reared red king crab?

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Effects of ocean acidification on young-of-the-year golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus) survival and growth

Effects of ocean acidification on young-of-the-year golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus) survival and growth

Rapid assessment of management options for promoting stock rebuilding in data‐poor species under climate change

Reared to become wild-like: addressing behavioral and cognitive deficits in cultured aquatic animals destined for stocking into natural environments—a critical review

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