“…On the whole, eight classes of arthropods have been reported in the Douro Demarcated Region: Arachnida, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Entognatha, Insecta, Malacostraca, Pauropoda, and Symphyla. Some of the identified species are Iberian endemism, specifically Castianeira badia ( Figure 1A), Eratigena bucculenta, E. feminea, E. montigena, Nemesia athiasi, Oecobius machadoi, Tegenaria ramblae, Zodarion alacre, and Z. duriense, from Araneae; Cataglyphis hispanica, C. iberica, and Aphaenogaster iberica ( Figure 1B) from Formicidae (Gonçalves et al, 2017;Carlos et al, 2019); Gluvia dorsalis from Solifugae ( Figure 1C) and Sciobia lusitanica from Gryllidae ( Figure 1D) (Gonçalves et al, 2018a). In the soil-surface, the arthropod assemblages which stood out for their abundance were the omnivores (Formicidae) and detritivores (mainly Collembola and Oribatid mites), followed by predators (mainly Araneae, Carabidae and Staphylinidae) and phytophagous (mainly Formicidae, Curculionidae and Gryllidae) (Gonçalves et al, 2017;Carlos et al, 2019).…”