How does cognition shape social relationships?

Wascher, Claudia A. F.; Kulahci, Ipek G.; Langley, Ellis J. G.; Shaw, Rachael C.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0293

Cited by 59 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…The second section of the special issue examines a range of causes of individual differences. First, by understanding the genetic heritage of an individual [8,9] and fine-scale aspects of their brain morphology and neurology in conjunction with an understanding of their unique developmental history [10][11][12][13], we can begin to understand how individual differences within a population originated. An individual's experiences throughout its life may constrain its ability to invest in the growth and maintenance of neuronal tissues [14,15], influence its life-history trajectory and provide differential opportunities to experience cues, acquire information and sample rewards, which may shape a range of cognitive processes [14,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An individual's experiences throughout its life may constrain its ability to invest in the growth and maintenance of neuronal tissues [14,15], influence its life-history trajectory and provide differential opportunities to experience cues, acquire information and sample rewards, which may shape a range of cognitive processes [14,16]. Therefore, the current physical and/or social environment may have both immediate and longterm effects on an individual's cognitive abilities [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although here we conveniently separate cause from consequence, we recognize that there may be feedback loops between the causes of individual cognitive variation and their fitness consequences in a dynamic, evolutionary landscape. For example, an individual's social environment may shape its cognitive performance, which in turn influences its reproductive success [13,18], which could then shape the social environment of its offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring and understanding individual differences in cognition

Boogert

Madden

Morand‐Ferron

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

186

195

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Individuals vary in their cognitive performance. While this variation forms the foundation of the study of human psychometrics, its broader importance is only recently being recognized. Explicitly acknowledging this individual variation found in both humans and non-human animals provides a novel opportunity to understand the mechanisms, development and evolution of cognition. The papers in this special issue highlight the growing emphasis on individual cognitive differences from fields as diverse as neurobiology, experimental psychology and evolutionary biology. Here, we synthesize this body of work. We consider the distinct challenges in quantifying individual differences in cognition and provide concrete methodological recommendations. In particular, future studies would benefit from using multiple task variants to ensure they target specific, clearly defined cognitive traits and from conducting repeated testing to assess individual consistency. We then consider how neural, genetic, developmental and behavioural factors may generate individual differences in cognition. Finally, we discuss the potential fitness consequences of individual cognitive variation and place these into an evolutionary framework with testable hypotheses. We intend for this special issue to stimulate researchers to position individual variation at the centre of the cognitive sciences.This article is part of the theme issue 'Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities'.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measuring and understanding individual differences in cognition

Boogert

Madden

Morand‐Ferron

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

186

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Large brains and enhanced cognitive abilities are thought to have evolved in response to the constraints and challenges generated by the social environment (Dunbar, ; Humphrey, ; Jolly, ; Whiten & Byrne, ). Indeed, group members rely upon various social and cognitive skills to form and maintain relationships (e.g., individual recognition, memory, inhibition control or transitive inferences; Dunbar & Shultz, ; Wascher, Kulahci, Langley, & Shaw, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rearing style on the development of social behaviour in young ravens (Corvus corax)

2020

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Early social experiences can affect the development and expression of individual social behaviour throughout life. In particular, early-life social deprivations, notably of parental care, can later have deleterious consequences. We can, therefore, expect rearing procedures such as hand-raising-widely used in ethology and sociocognitive science-to alter the development of individual social behaviour. We investigated how the rearing style later affected (a) variation in relationship strength among peers and (b) individuals' patterns of social interactions, in three captive groups of juvenile non-breeders consisting of either parent-raised or hand-raised birds, or a mix of both rearing styles. In the three groups, irrespectively of rearing style: strongest relationships (i.e., higher rates of association and affiliations) primarily emerged among siblings and familiar partners (i.e., non-relatives encountered in early life), and mixed-sex and male-male partners established relationships of similar strength, indicating that the rearing style does not severely affect the quality and structure of relationships in young ravens. However, compared to parent-raised ravens, hand-raised ravens showed higher connectedness, i.e., number of partners with whom they mainly associated and affiliated, but formed on average relationships of lower strength, indicating that social experience in early life is not without consequences on the development of ravens' patterns of social interaction. The deprivation of parental care associated with the presence of same-age peers during hand-raising seemed to maximize ravens' propensity to interact with others, indicating that besides parents, interactions with same-age peers matter. Opportunities to interact with, and socially learn from peers, might thus be the key to the acquisition of early social competences in ravens.

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“…Theoretically, differences in personality (i.e., individual differences in behavior that are consistent across time and/or context, Dall et al 2004) and cognition (i.e., how individuals perceive, store, and act on information from environmental stimuli; Shettleworth 2010) can also Communicated by K. v. Oers Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-019-2762-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. predict the outcome of contests (Briffa et al 2015;Reichert and Quinn 2017;Wascher et al 2018). Understanding the potential fitness consequences of individual variation is crucial for understanding how this variation may evolve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of personality, cognition, and affective state in same-sex contests in the red junglefowl

Garnham

Porthén

Child

et al. 2019

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Intra-species contests are common in the animal kingdom and can have fitness consequences. Most research on what predicts contest outcome focuses on morphology, although differences in personality and cognition may also be involved. Supporting this, more proactive individuals often have dominant status, although the causality of this relationship is rarely investigated. Contest initiators often win; thus, individuals that are more proactive in their personality (e.g., more aggressive, risk-taking) or cognition (e.g., more optimistic, impulsive) may initiate contests more often. To investigate this, we assayed the behavior and cognition of sexually mature male and female red junglefowl (Gallus gallus), a species in which both sexes contest over social status, before staging intra-sexual contests. We confirm that contest initiators were more likely to win. In males, individuals that behaved more boldly in a novel arena test were more likely to initiate and win contests. Female initiators tended to be less active in novel object test, more aggressive in a restrained opponent test, and respond less optimistically in a cognitive judgement bias test, whereas the main predictor of whether a female would win a contest was whether she initiated it. These results suggest that behaviors attributed to proactive and reactive personalities, and-at least for female red junglefowl-optimism, can affect contest initiation and outcome. Therefore, within species, and depending on sex, different aspects of behavior and cognition may independently affect contest initiation and outcome. The generality of these findings, and their fitness consequences, requires further investigation. Significance statement In red junglefowl, we explored how behavior previously shown to describe personality, cognition, and affective state affected initiation and outcome of intra-sexual contests, by staging contests between sexually mature individuals previously assayed in behavioral and cognitive tests. In both sexes, contest initiators usually won. Bolder males were more likely to initiate and win contests. Female contests initiators were less active, more aggressive, and less optimistic. Our results suggest that personality and cognition could affect the initiation and outcome of contests and that how this occurs may differ between sexes.

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How does cognition shape social relationships?

Cited by 59 publications

References 135 publications

Measuring and understanding individual differences in cognition

Measuring and understanding individual differences in cognition

Effect of rearing style on the development of social behaviour in young ravens (Corvus corax)

The role of personality, cognition, and affective state in same-sex contests in the red junglefowl

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