How do people ease their pain? A population-based study

Turunen, Juha; Mäntyselkä, Pekka; Kumpusalo, Esko; Ahonen, Riitta

doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2004.08.003

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These fi ndings were consistent with those of other studies. 3,715,19,20 In the present study, women had a signifi cantly higher prevalence of analgesic use than men; while it was statistically signifi cant, the logistic regression did not show any statistically signifi cant ORs. Similar to our fi ndings in Turkey, many studies have also shown there is a signifi cant gender difference in the prevalence of analgesic use among adult population.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…Similar to our fi ndings in Turkey, many studies have also shown there is a signifi cant gender difference in the prevalence of analgesic use among adult population. 2,3,6,15,13,19 Studies conducted in the United States, Sweden, and Norway have shown an association between age and analgesic use. 6,7,12,16 Corroborating this fi nding, our study found higher prevalence of analgesic use in older ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the use of OTC analgesics has steadily increased in many countries, including western populations. 2,5,12,16,19 Since the majority of analgesics have also been widely sold without prescription and OTC in Turkey due to drug policies applied as of mid-2000, this rate is estimated to be higher now. The study showed that one out of ten subjects used non-prescription analgesics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3,12,15,20 In Turkey, analgesics are the most frequently consumed products in treatment groups and they have accounted for 9.5% of pharmaceutical consumption by therapeutic class. 17 At individual level, one of the most common reasons is taking a prescribed and non-prescribed medicine to relieve or treat pain and their symptoms 2,5,19 and it has been reported that non-prescribed and improper use of analgesics has reached worrisome levels. 2,5,12,16 Studies have shown that the majority of analgesics are non-prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and that painkillers have a major share among OTC drugs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of analgesics in adults with pain complaints: prevalence and associated factors, Turkey

et al. 2009

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OBJECTIVE:Use of analgesics has been increasingly recognized as a major public health issue with important consequences in Turkey. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of analgesics usage and associated factors in adults with pain complaints. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 cities selected from fi ve demographic regions in Turkey. The study sample population comprised 1.909 adults 18-65 age groups suffering from pain. The sampling method was multi-step stratifi ed weighted quota-adjusted sampling. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured survey questionnaire consisting of 28 questions. Odds ratios were produced by logistic regression analyses. RESULTS:The prevalence of analgesic use was 73.1%, and it was higher in females (75.7%; p<0.05), in subjects 45-54 years (81.4%; p<0.05), in subjects in rural areas (74.6%; p<0.05), in subjects in northern region (84.3%; p<0.05), in illiterate subjects (79.1%; p>0.05), and in subjects of lower socioeconomic status (74.1%; p>0.05). One in ten of the participants used non-prescription analgesics. Non-prescription analgesics were more prevalent among the 55-65 age groups (18.1%; p<0.05), among female (11.6%; p>0.05), among the urban population (10.7%; p>0.05), and in subjects of lower middle socioeconomic status (13.2%; p<0.05). Logistic regression showed statistically signifi cant ORs only for age groups, duration of education, socioeconomic status, and demographic regions (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The results showed that the prevalence of analgesic use and prescription analgesic use is high in Turkey, and their use is related to sociodemographic characteristics. The frequency of analgesic use has greatly increased over the last three decades in both developed and developing countries. 1,3,12,15,20 In Turkey, analgesics are the most frequently consumed products in treatment groups and they have accounted for 9.5% of pharmaceutical consumption by therapeutic class. 17 At individual level, one of the most common reasons is taking a prescribed and non-prescribed medicine to relieve or treat pain and their symptoms 2,5,19 and it has been reported that non-prescribed and improper use of analgesics has reached worrisome levels. 2,5,12,16 Studies have shown that the majority of analgesics are non-prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and that painkillers have a major share among OTC drugs. 13,15,16,18 In Turkey, studies also have indicated high rates of irrational use of prescribed and non-prescribed analgesics. 4,14,17 Not only can improper or irrational use of analgesics lead to increased morbidity and mortality rates and deterioration of quality of life, but also it can give rise to misusing RESUMO OBJETIVO: O uso de analgésicos tem sido amplamente reconhecido com um grande problema de saúde pública com importantes conseqüências na Turquia. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a prevalência e os padrões de uso de analgésicos por adultos e os fatores associados às queixas de dores. ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of analgesics in adults with pain complaints: prevalence and associated factors, Turkey

et al. 2009

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“…Taking analgesics can be seen as a coping strategy to lessen the discomfort of pain. 33 Children adopt the coping strategies of their parents, and selfmedication behavior may be passed on within families. This socialization pathway explaining the association between parental health and child self-medication has previously been described.…”

Section: Implications/perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Maternal Self-Medication and Over-the-Counter Analgesics for Children

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVE: Self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics, such as paracetamol (PCM), among children and adolescents is increasing and constitutes an important public health issue internationally. Reasons for this development are unclear; parental influence is suggested. Our objective was to examine whether self-medication with OTC analgesics among school-aged children is influenced by maternal self-reported health and medicine use, taking the child’s frequency of pain into account. METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted on 131 children aged 6 to 11 years and their mothers in the framework of the Demonstration Of A Study To Coordinate And Perform Human Biomonitoring On A European Scale (DEMOCOPHES) European project. Participants were selected from 1 urban and 1 rural area of Denmark, and equally distributed in age and gender. Data were collected through structured interviews with all children and self-report questionnaires for mothers regarding health, pain, and medicine use. RESULTS: After adjusting for several sociodemographic and health parameters, maternal use of OTC analgesics was significantly associated with self-medication with OTC analgesics, particularly PCM, in our population of schoolchildren, even when the child’s pain was adjusted for (odds ratio 3.00, P = .008). A clear association between child pain and OTC analgesic use was not found. Additionally, maternal health (self-rated health, chronic pain, chronic disease, daily medicine intake) did not significantly influence child use of OTC analgesics. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal self-medication with OTC analgesics is associated with self-medication of OTC analgesics, predominantly PCM, among school-aged children, perhaps more than the child’s pain. Maternal health seems of less importance. Information to parents about pain self-management is important to promote appropriate PCM use among schoolchildren.

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