How do humans represent the emotions of dogs? The resemblance between the human representation of the canine and the human affective space

Konok, Veronika; Nagy, Krisztina; Miklósi, Ádám

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2014.11.003

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…These emotion terms may be more efficient at communicating with pet owners because they resonate among the owners. A resemblance of the terms between pet owners and pets was found in this study, which could be a result of anthropomorphism as discussed in other studies (Arahori et al, 2017;Konok et al, 2015;Martens et al, 2016;Morris et al, 2008;Su et al, 2018). Pet owners were able to read signs/body languages of their cats and dogs related to positive/negative emotions, in which the interpretation was consistent with previous studies (Crowell-Davis, 2007;Tami & Gallagher, 2009;Turner, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Generating consumer terminology to describe emotions in pet owners and their pets

Tsai

Talavera

Koppel

2020

Journal of Sensory Studies

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Emotions affect the choices and behaviors of consumers toward products. However, there have been limited studies discussing the emotions of pet owners and pets (as perceived by their owners). The objectives of this study were to generate emotions terminology from both pets and pet owners and to investigate body language and signs perceived by pet owners related to pet emotion. Two focus groups were conducted for dog owners and two for cat owners. The participants were asked to provide activities that they share with their pets. Next, the participants voted on two positive and two negative activities to serve as situational backgrounds for providing how they and their pets feel when sharing specific activities. Lists of 39 and 53 emotion terms were generated for dogs and cats, respectively. In addition, lists of 33 and 60 emotion terms were created for dog owners and cat owners, respectively. Examples of emotion terms for dogs included excited, happy, anxious, and embarrassed, and calm, happy, angry, and fearful for cats. Overall, this study provided a general view of emotions experienced by pet owners and their pets, which may be helpful for the pet food industry and related areas to understand the pet food consumers further. Practical applications The results from this study provide understanding on the range of emotions perceived by both pets and their owners. This information is needed to understand the human-animal relationship and to improve services in pet care, health care, animal wellness, and human wellness areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Generating consumer terminology to describe emotions in pet owners and their pets

Tsai

Talavera

Koppel

2020

Journal of Sensory Studies

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“…However, since dog owners represent the dog emotions with comparable dimensions as human emotions [46], we can expect observer’s own psychological abilities to affect perception of dog facial expressions similarly as expressions of humans. Supporting this view, human empathy appears to generalize toward other species [47], and veterinarian’s empathic abilities affects his/her evaluation of animal pain [48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Empathy, Personality and Experience Affect the Emotion Ratings of Dog and Human Facial Expressions

et al. 2017

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Facial expressions are important for humans in communicating emotions to the conspecifics and enhancing interpersonal understanding. Many muscles producing facial expressions in humans are also found in domestic dogs, but little is known about how humans perceive dog facial expressions, and which psychological factors influence people’s perceptions. Here, we asked 34 observers to rate the valence, arousal, and the six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, surprise, disgust, fear, and anger/aggressiveness) from images of human and dog faces with Pleasant, Neutral and Threatening expressions. We investigated how the subjects’ personality (the Big Five Inventory), empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index) and experience of dog behavior affect the ratings of dog and human faces. Ratings of both species followed similar general patterns: human subjects classified dog facial expressions from pleasant to threatening very similarly to human facial expressions. Subjects with higher emotional empathy evaluated Threatening faces of both species as more negative in valence and higher in anger/aggressiveness. More empathetic subjects also rated the happiness of Pleasant humans but not dogs higher, and they were quicker in their valence judgments of Pleasant human, Threatening human and Threatening dog faces. Experience with dogs correlated positively with ratings of Pleasant and Neutral dog faces. Personality also had a minor effect on the ratings of Pleasant and Neutral faces in both species. The results imply that humans perceive human and dog facial expression in a similar manner, and the perception of both species is influenced by psychological factors of the evaluators. Especially empathy affects both the speed and intensity of rating dogs’ emotional facial expressions.

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“…[25]) In the present study 12 out of 20 individual descriptors were applied at a level of agreement lower than 0.60, while 3 terms (depressed, explorative, aggressive) fell below 0.50. This lack of agreement may to some extent be due to the relatively low prevalence of these expressions in the video clips, however depressed demeanour may generally be difficult to distinguish reliably from other low energy expressions such as relaxed and/or bored [29,47]. Research on QBA assessment in donkeys and goats addressing such scoring issues under field conditions, has shown that training observers, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These 16 terms were used as a starting-point for the current study. Additional qualitative descriptors were selected from the relevant scientific literature on dogs’ emotions [26,27,29], behaviour [30], personality and temperament [31–34], and from other QBA research [13,35,36]. Thus, nine new terms were added (affectionate, aloof, attention-seeking, boisterous, excited, explorative, happy, self-confident and serene), creating a preliminary list of 25 terms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a fixed list of descriptors for the qualitative behavioural assessment of shelter dogs

Arena

Wemelsfelder

Messori

et al. 2019

Preprint

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How do humans represent the emotions of dogs? The resemblance between the human representation of the canine and the human affective space

Cited by 46 publications

References 65 publications

Generating consumer terminology to describe emotions in pet owners and their pets

Generating consumer terminology to describe emotions in pet owners and their pets

Human Empathy, Personality and Experience Affect the Emotion Ratings of Dog and Human Facial Expressions

Development of a fixed list of descriptors for the qualitative behavioural assessment of shelter dogs

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