How did travel mode choices change according to Coronavirus Disease 2019? Lessons from Seoul, South Korea

Influence of COVID-19 Mobility-Restricting Policies on Individual Travel Behavior in Malaysia

“…However, with prolonged lockdowns and travel restrictions, people are increasingly adapting their daily travel behavior. As reported in previous studies, drastic changes in travel behavior have been observed during COVID-19 globally [2,25,27,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. In particular, [27] predicted that the types and frequency of out-of-home activities and daily travel patterns would change remarkably.…”

“…This study further revealed that the "safety precautions" factor, which was determined by social distancing and use of face masks and hand sanitizers, was a significant determinant of the choice of public transport over solo modes. A recent study conducted in South Korea by Kim et al (2021) [39] stated that the risks perceived by people have a strong influence on their reduction in public transit use. As it is complicated to implement preventive measures, e.g., social distancing, for public transit modes, the need for implementation of strict enforcements, e.g., mandatory use of face masks and providing face masks and hand sanitizers for free in transit areas were also highlighted in that study.…”

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the public transportation system and strategic plans to improve PT ridership: a review

“…However, researchers are argued that these behavioural changes about the mode choice cannot be generalized due to the pandemic and public risk exposures and mass transportation might have negative impacts due to its risk perception [19]. This might result in a decrease in the frequency of travel and avoiding the use of public transportation and a shift to private vehicles such as cars [20,21]. Also, elderly people have lower-risk perception due to the higher transmission of COVID-19 disease which results in a significant reduction in the use of public transport [22].…”

Changing transport planning objectives during the Covid-19 lockdowns: Actions taken and lessons learned for enhancing sustainable urban mobility planning

“…Querying Scopus 1 on 14/12/2021, an astonishing 4794 results were retrieved (as opposed to 202 results retrieved on 19/04/2021) in areas such as social sciences, environmental sciences, energy, and engineering. Several of these papers focus on exploring the impact of Covid-19 on travel behaviour and the transport system ( Andreoni, 2021 ; Awad-Nunez et al, 2021 ; Bian et al, 2021 ; Budd & Ison, 2020 ; Coppola & De Fabiis, 2021 ; Gutiérrez et al, 2020 ; Hensher et al, 2021 ; Kim et al, 2021 ; Marra et al, 2021 ; Marsden & Docherty, 2021 ; Nundy et al, 2021 ; Nurse & Dunning, 2020 ; Rothengatter et al, 2021 ; Sharifi & Khavarian-Garmsir, 2020 ; Vickerman, 2021 ; Zhang, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). For example, Gkiotsalitis and Cats (2020) investigated the impact of the pandemic on the public transport systems highlighting that the post-shutdown phase poses a multi-dimensional challenge.…”