How can drug addiction help us understand obesity?

Volkow, Nora D.; Wise, Roy A.

doi:10.1038/nn1452

Cited by 957 publications

(792 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Thus, there is evidence that several different neurotransmitters and peptides affect both feeding and reward-related behaviors. Indeed, Volkow and Wise (2005) have pointed out commonalities in the neurobiological and behavioral processes contributing to obesity and substance abuse (Volkow and Wise, 2005). They have suggested further that treatment strategies, including medications, used in the treatment of one disorder might fruitfully be applied to treatment of the other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 5-HT2C Receptor Agonist Ro60-0175 Reduces Cocaine Self-Administration and Reinstatement Induced by the Stressor Yohimbine, and Contextual Cues

Fletcher

Rizos

Sinyard

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

112

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Previously, we showed that the 5-HT 2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 reduces cocaine self-administration, and the ability of cocaine to reinstate responding after extinction of drug-seeking behavior. The present experiments extended these findings further by determining whether the effects of Ro60-0175 on self-administration were sustained with repeated treatment, and whether Ro60-0175 altered reinstatement induced by the pharmacological stressor yohimbine, or by the context in which self-administration occurred. In Experiment 1, Ro60-0175 (1 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced cocaine (0.25 mg/infusion) self-administration maintained by a progressive ratio schedule. This reduction was sustained over eight daily injections. In Experiment 2, rats self-administered cocaine in daily 2 h sessions for 15 days on a FR1 schedule. Following extinction, yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) reinstated responding, and this effect was reduced dose dependently by Ro60-0175 (0.3-3 mg/kg, s.c.). In Experiment 3, rats were trained to respond for cocaine on a FR1 schedule in a distinct environmental context (A); responding was then extinguished in a different context (B). Reinstatement tests occurred in either context A or B.Responding was reinstated only when rats were tested in the original self-administration context (A). This reinstatement was reduced dose dependently by Ro60-0175. All effects of Ro60-0175 were blocked by the 5-HT 2C receptor antagonist SB242084. Thus, Ro60-0175, acting via 5-HT 2C receptors, reduces cocaine self-administration and cocaine-seeking triggered by a stressor and by drug-associated cues. The effects of Ro60-0175 do not exhibit tolerance within the 8-day test period. These results indicate that selective 5-HT 2C receptor agonists may be a useful pharmacological strategy for treatment of drug abuse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 5-HT2C Receptor Agonist Ro60-0175 Reduces Cocaine Self-Administration and Reinstatement Induced by the Stressor Yohimbine, and Contextual Cues

Fletcher

Rizos

Sinyard

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

112

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“…[ 123 I]IBZM SPECT imaging will also enable the monitoring of treatment directed at normalizing D2R levels in drug addiction. Furthermore, the ability to measure D2R availability in mice in vivo provides the opportunity to study the involvement of this dopamine receptor in obesity and neuropsychiatric disorders [23,24]. In this paper, we have demonstrated the feasibility of [ 123 I] IBZM pinhole SPECT imaging for repeated in vivo measurements of D2R availability in mice.…”

Section: Amphetamine-induced Dopamine Releasementioning

confidence: 95%

SPECT imaging of D2 dopamine receptors and endogenous dopamine release in mice

Jongen

Bruin

Beekman

et al. 2008

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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“…This theory has been applied to drugs of addiction (8) , smoking (9) and alcohol research (10) . More recently, it has been suggested that food-related stimuli may also have the ability to Proceedings of the Nutrition Society capture attention and activate reward pathways in the brain thus making visual food cues more salient to the observer (11,12) . The processing of reward and pleasure is mediated by the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, in particular the ventral tegmental area, the ventral striatum and nucleus accumbens.…”

Section: Incentive Sensitisation: Weight Status: Eye Tracking: Visualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional bias to food-related visual cues: is there a role in obesity?

et al. 2014

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The incentive sensitisation model of obesity suggests that modification of the dopaminergic associated reward systems in the brain may result in increased awareness of food-related visual cues present in the current food environment. Having a heightened awareness of these visual food cues may impact on food choices and eating behaviours with those being most aware of or demonstrating greater attention to food-related stimuli potentially being at greater risk of overeating and subsequent weight gain. To date, research related to attentional responses to visual food cues has been both limited and conflicting. Such inconsistent findings may in part be explained by the use of different methodological approaches to measure attentional bias and the impact of other factors such as hunger levels, energy density of visual food cues and individual eating style traits that may influence visual attention to food-related cues outside of weight status alone. This review examines the various methodologies employed to measure attentional bias with a particular focus on the role that attentional processing of food-related visual cues may have in obesity. Based on the findings of this review, it appears that it may be too early to clarify the role visual attention to foodrelated cues may have in obesity. Results however highlight the importance of considering the most appropriate methodology to use when measuring attentional bias and the characteristics of the study populations targeted while interpreting results to date and in designing future studies.Incentive sensitisation: Weight status: Eye tracking: Visual probe: Stroop Prevalence of overweight and obesity has now reached epidemic proportions with more than 1·4 billion adults considered as overweight and of these, over 500 million being obese worldwide (1) . On a fundamental level the cause of obesity is linked to an imbalance of energy intake v. energy expenditure; however, it is now evident that obesity is a multifactorial condition that arises from interactions between genetic and environmental factors (2) . One such factor is the present 'obesogenic' environment that is characterised by a wealth of highly palatable, energy-dense foods (3) . These foods are heavily represented in the visual environment for example, through advertising and it has been suggested that frequent exposure to these forms of food-related cues may impact on eating behaviours and food choices (4)(5)(6) .According to the theory of incentive sensitisation, 'addictive substances' modify reward-related pathways in the brain leading to hypersensitisation of rewardrelated stimuli (7) . This results in increased salience to reward-related stimuli resulting in these stimuli becoming more 'attention grabbing'. It has been proposed that this heightened awareness is the consequence of repeated exposure to a particular stimulus and the association between the stimulus and a rewarding experience, which results in related cues becoming salient. The stimulus related to the rewarding experience may then attract g...

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How can drug addiction help us understand obesity?

Cited by 957 publications

References 55 publications

The 5-HT2C Receptor Agonist Ro60-0175 Reduces Cocaine Self-Administration and Reinstatement Induced by the Stressor Yohimbine, and Contextual Cues

The 5-HT2C Receptor Agonist Ro60-0175 Reduces Cocaine Self-Administration and Reinstatement Induced by the Stressor Yohimbine, and Contextual Cues

SPECT imaging of D2 dopamine receptors and endogenous dopamine release in mice

Attentional bias to food-related visual cues: is there a role in obesity?

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