How an orchid harms its pollinator

Wong, Bob B. M.; Schiestl, Florian P.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2052

Cited by 79 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Pollination systems with reproductive behavior were significantly more specific than pollination systems with foraging behavior (t 21.24 = 2.31, P = 0.03) (Figure 2), suggesting that orchids using specialized pollinators are also more specialized in pollination. Our findings thus do not support the suggested nestedness in mutualistic associations (91); however, only the rewarding orchidpollinator associations are mutualistic, whereas deceptive pollination can be seen as a parasitic relationship (146).…”

Section: Specificity In Pollinationcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This finding was demonstrated in pollinators of sexually deceptive orchids, e.g., solitary bees, that cease responding to individual sex pheromone blends when they are associated with unreceptive females (sexually deceptive orchids) (5). Thynnine males avoid multiple visits to sexually deceptive orchids by keeping away from their flowering sites (96,146). Such behavior may have evolved to avoid wasting time with nonreceptive females, but it is unlikely to lead to switching between species-specific pheromone signals.…”

Section: Pollinator Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of adaptive speciation assumes disruptive selection driven by competition, for example, for pollen vectors in the case of pollinator-driven plant speciation (140). This is easy to envisage in deceptive pollination systems with high specificity, in which pollinators learn to avoid flowers (5), or locations with flowers (96,146), so that individuals in large populations may generally have lower pollination success than individuals in smaller populations. Here, the recruitment of a new pollinator, through a shift in floral signals, can circumvent this habituation and thus provide a rare phenotype advantage.…”

Section: Floral Isolation and Plant Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral Isolation, Specialized Pollination, and Pollinator Behavior in Orchids

Schiestl

Schlüter

2009

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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223

217

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Floral isolation is a form of prepollination reproductive isolation mediated by floral morphology (morphological isolation) and pollinator behavior (ethological isolation). Here we review mechanisms and evolutionary consequences of floral isolation in various pollination systems. Furthermore, we compare key features of floral isolation, i.e., pollinator sharing and specialization in pollination, in different orchid pollination systems. In orchid pollination, pollinator sharing is generally low, indicating strong floral isolation. The pollinators' motivation to visit flowers (specifically) can be due to both foraging or reproductive behavior. In both types of behavior, innate preferences for floral signals can be quickly overruled by learning. In pollination systems in which reproductive behavior of pollinators triggers flower visits, lower pollinator sharing was evident compared with systems with foraging behavior, probably because pollinators displaying reproductive behavior show higher fidelity in their visitation patterns. Orchids pollinated through reproductive behavior also use fewer pollinators than orchids pollinated through foraging behavior. No association between specialization and pollinator sharing was found. Thus, generalized pollination does not impede floral isolation, as orchids with many pollinators may nonetheless have low pollinator sharing. Specialization in pollination was, however, linked to orchid species richness in our analysis. Flower size, spur, and column morphology are most important for morphological isolation, and floral scent is most important for ethological isolation. These traits may be based on few genes, implying that floral isolation can be brought about by few genes of large effect.

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Section: Specificity In Pollinationcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Pollinator Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Floral Isolation and Plant Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral Isolation, Specialized Pollination, and Pollinator Behavior in Orchids

Schiestl

Schlüter

2009

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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223

217

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“…One well-described example is the broadlip bird-orchid Chiloglottis trapeziformis (family Orchidaceae), which attracts male thynnine wasps Neozeleboria cryptoides (family Tiphiidae), resulting in successful pollination (Wong & Schiestl, 2002;see also, de Jager & Peakall, 2015). It is suggested that the chemical mimicry is an effective longrange attraction, while the visual appearance of the callus structures on the labellum can lead to pseudo-copulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of insect responses to supernormal visual releasing stimuli in intersexual communication and flower-visiting behaviour: A review

Kral¹

2016

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Animals, including human beings, tend to respond more strongly to stimuli that are associated with the highest relative rewards. This applies not only to food rewards but also to reproductive success. In the present review article this issue is discussed for insects in connection with intersexual communication and fl ower-visiting behaviour. Implications of the preference for supernormal visual releasing stimuli are examined from a sensory and evolutionary perspective, including a consideration of the choice of potential mates and recognition of the most rewarding fl owers.

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“…'call') to attract flying males (Oakwood 1990;Wong & Schiestl 2002). In this regard, competition among males is intense with the operational sex ratio strongly biased towards males, and males respond rapidly to calling females (Alcock 1981;Alcock & Gwynne 1987;Peakall 1990;Wong & Schiestl 2002). Apart from the actual mating, female wasps also rely on males to carry them to their food source and to return them to a suitable oviposition site (Given 1954;Peakall 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollinator attractiveness increases with distance from flowering orchids

Wong

Salzmann

Schiestl

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Orchids are extraordinary among plants because many species are pollinated through sexual duplicity by producing flowers that mimic female insects to lure unsuspecting males. Previous work showed that sexual deception by the orchid Chiloglottis trapeziformis can have a negative impact on its wasp pollinator Neozeleboria cryptoides. We report that female wasps may be capable of mitigating the cost of the orchids' deception. Although male wasps quickly habituated to areas planted with unrewarding flower decoys, we found that the effectiveness of the chemical cue used by the wingless females to attract males increases with increasing distance from an orchid patch. The apparent specif icity of the males' sitebased avoidance strategy means that females emerging in areas occupied by flowering orchids could, potentially, leave the orchid colony by walking to increase their attractiveness.

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How an orchid harms its pollinator

Cited by 79 publications

References 23 publications

Floral Isolation, Specialized Pollination, and Pollinator Behavior in Orchids

Floral Isolation, Specialized Pollination, and Pollinator Behavior in Orchids

Implications of insect responses to supernormal visual releasing stimuli in intersexual communication and flower-visiting behaviour: A review

Pollinator attractiveness increases with distance from flowering orchids

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