Implications of insect responses to supernormal visual releasing stimuli in intersexual communication and flower-visiting behaviour: A review

Kral, Karl

doi:10.14411/eje.2016.056

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…That aggression and a subsequent attack could have turned into a mating episode is possible but unlikely as combat between male cicadas is rare. With the dead individual’s slightly larger body resembling that of a female (and the lack of a defensive reaction when approached by the live male), a supernormal visual releasing stimulus as described by Kral [ 12 ] in the European Journal of Entomology for exceptionally attractive sex partners, could possibly have been involved. Not to be dismissed are also the possibilities that the male could have been confused and thought it was mounting a live female, or that there are cicada males that are attracted to other males and would be rebuffed by living (heterosexual) males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Necrophilia in the Form of Necrocoitus among Insects, Involving Two Male Cryptotympana atrata (Fabricius, 1775) Cicadas

Wang

Meyer-Rochow

2020

Insects

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The unusual case of a male Cryptotympana atrata cicada from China attempting to mate with a dead male conspecific is described and illustrated. Although hitherto unreported, necrophilic behaviour in the form of an attempted necrocoitus, involving dead male or female corpses, may not be as isolated a case as has been previously assumed, but it does not seem to have been mentioned earlier in the entomological literature. Although the described behaviour could have been an expression of a lack of opportunity to locate a cooperative female, several other possibilities, referred to in the Discussion, exist and should not be dismissed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Necrophilia in the Form of Necrocoitus among Insects, Involving Two Male Cryptotympana atrata (Fabricius, 1775) Cicadas

Wang

Meyer-Rochow

2020

Insects

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“…If intersubspecific mating occurs in the subspecies crucivora and rapae, hybrids are viable with a highly variable UV pattern in the females [ 99 ]. The flutter response was also described in Pieris napi [ 4 , 62 ], Hypolimnas bolina [ 100 ], and in Colias eurytheme , where it functions as a signal of unreceptive behaviour [ 1 ]. It seems that the presence of UV reflectance in certain specific species could be explained by Amotz Zahavi’s ‘handicap principle’ [ 45 ], which proposes that such signals are evolutionarily stable because their expression is costly.…”

Section: The Adaptive Function Of Uv Reflectance and Its Perception I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible beyond Violet: How Butterflies Manage Ultraviolet

Stella

Kleisner

2022

Insects

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Ultraviolet (UV) means ‘beyond violet’ (from Latin ‘ultra’, meaning ‘beyond’), whereby violet is the colour with the highest frequencies in the ‘visible’ light spectrum. By ‘visible’ we mean human vision, but, in comparison to many other organisms, human visual perception is rather limited in terms of the wavelengths it can perceive. Still, this is why communication in the UV spectrum is often called hidden, although it most likely plays an important role in communicating various kinds of information among a wide variety of organisms. Since Silberglied’s revolutionary Communication in the Ultraviolet, comprehensive studies on UV signals in a wide list of genera are lacking. This review investigates the significance of UV reflectance (and UV absorption)—a feature often neglected in intra- and interspecific communication studies—mainly in Lepidoptera. Although the text focuses on various butterfly families, links and connections to other animal groups, such as birds, are also discussed in the context of ecology and the evolution of species. The basic mechanisms of UV colouration and factors shaping the characteristics of UV patterns are also discussed in a broad context of lepidopteran communication.

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“…Responses to a supernormal stimulus may be considered maladaptive because the organism shows a stronger response to the supernormal stimulus than to the natural one. Exaggerated responses to supernormal stimuli have been investigated in various species, including birds (Baerends, 1959;Grim & Honza, 2001;Tanaka, Morimoto, Stevens, & Ueda, 2011), insects (Jaffe, Miras & Cabrera, 2007;Kral, 2016;Shermer, 2015), baboons (Bielert & Anderson, 1985), and even humans (Doyle & Pazhoohi, 2012;Morris, White, Morrison, & Fisher, 2013). The critical element is that the supernormal stimulus contains features of the natural releasing stimulus in an exaggerated form that is not encountered in nature and therefore has to be fabricated artificially.…”

Section: Pre-preprogramed Responses: Supernormal Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Extinction and Psychopathology, With New Evidence of Howa CS Can Act Like a US in The Sexual conditioning of Male Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)

Köksal¹,

Kumru²,

Domjan³

2017

IJCP

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This paper is organized in three sections. In the first section, we discuss the relevance of comparative psychology to clinical issues by relating resistance to extinction to psychological disorders involving anxiety, addiction, and fetishism. In the second section, we review areas of comparative psychology that deal in one way or another with the general problem of treating an insignificant event as it were significant. We describe research on supernormal stimuli, evaluative conditioning, acquired drives, incentive sensitization, and consummatory response theory. In the third section of the paper, we present new research on second-order sexual conditioning of male Japanese quail related to the consummatory response theory. First-order conditioning was conducted by pairing the presentation of a terrycloth object (CS1 or conditioned stimulus 1) with copulation with a female (the US or unconditioned stimulus). The male quail came to approach the terrycloth object during the first-order conditioning phase. In addition, about half of the quail also showed conditioned consummatory responses directed towards the terrycloth object. During the second-order conditioning phase, the terrycloth object was used to condition responding to a light (CS2) in the absence of further exposures to the unconditioned stimulus. Birds that showed conditioned consummatory behavior towards CS1 persisted in this behavior during the second-order phase and showed successful second-order conditioning of the light. In contrast, birds that failed to develop conditioned consummatory responses to CS1 showed rapid extinction and minimal second-order conditioning. The implications of these finding for learning theory and for psychopathology are discussed.

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Implications of insect responses to supernormal visual releasing stimuli in intersexual communication and flower-visiting behaviour: A review

Cited by 7 publications

References 91 publications

First Report of Necrophilia in the Form of Necrocoitus among Insects, Involving Two Male Cryptotympana atrata (Fabricius, 1775) Cicadas

First Report of Necrophilia in the Form of Necrocoitus among Insects, Involving Two Male Cryptotympana atrata (Fabricius, 1775) Cicadas

Visible beyond Violet: How Butterflies Manage Ultraviolet

Resistance to Extinction and Psychopathology, With New Evidence of Howa CS Can Act Like a US in The Sexual conditioning of Male Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)

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