How agricultural research systems shape a technological regime that develops genetic engineering but locks out agroecological innovations

Vanloqueren, Gaëtan; Baret, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.respol.2009.02.008

Cited by 445 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Whereas the power of pressure groups or lobbies with narrow interests is often accused to prevent transitions towards sustainability (Vanloqueren and Baret, 2009), it is at the core of participatory approaches to enhance a 'democratic process […] in the pursuit of practical solutions to issues of pressing concerns for people, and more generally the flourishing of individual persons and their communities' (Reason and Bradbury, 2001). For scientists, such an innovative way of conducting research-complementary to other methods -would allow answering the remaining questions fully (summarized in Table 2) to understand the ecological processes involved to enhance the delivery of ecosystem services in agriculture.…”

Section: Economics In the Process Of Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial diversification of agroecosystems to enhance biological control and other regulating services: An agroecological perspective

Hatt

Boeraeve

Artru

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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Spatial diversification of crop and non-crop habitats in farming systems is promising for enhancing natural regulation of insect pests. Nevertheless, results from recent syntheses show variable effects.One explanation is that the abundance and diversity of pests and natural enemies are affected by the composition, design and management of crop and non-crop habitats. Moreover, interactions between both local and landscape elements and practices carried out at different spatial scales may affect the regulation of insect pests. Hence, research is being conducted to understand these interdependencies.However, insects are not the only pests and pests are not the only elements to regulate in agroecosystems. Broadening the scope could allow addressing multiple issues simultaneously, but also solving them together by enhancing synergies. Indeed, spatial diversification of crop and non-crop habitats can allow addressing the issues of weeds and pathogens, along with being beneficial to several other regulating services like pollination, soil conservation and nutrient cycling. Although calls rise to develop multifunctional landscapes that optimize the delivery of multiple ecosystem services, it still represents a scientific challenge today. Enhancing interdisciplinarity in research institutions and building interrelations between scientists and stakeholders may help reach this goal. Despite obstacles, positive results from research based on such innovative approaches are encouraging for engaging 2 science in this path. Hence, the aim of the present paper is to offer an update on these issues by exploring the most recent findings and discussing these results to highlight needs for future research.

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Section: Economics In the Process Of Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial diversification of agroecosystems to enhance biological control and other regulating services: An agroecological perspective

Hatt

Boeraeve

Artru

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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“…[4] Government agencies are staffed and organized in terms of industrial farming needs. They fund research, education, and extension in sustainable agriculture at a pittance compared with funding for industrial/conventional agriculture (Vanloqueren and Baret, 2009;Carlisle and Miles, 2013;De Longe et al, 2016). The result is more research, more publishing, more technological development in arenas supporting productivist farming -a snowball effect creating heightened authority for industrial agriculture.…”

Section: Sitting In the Shadow Of Industrial Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Toward thick legitimacy: Creating a web of legitimacy for agroecology

Wit

Iles

2016

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Legitimacy is at the heart of knowledge politics surrounding agriculture and food. When people accept industrial food practices as credible and authoritative, they are consenting to their use and existence. With their thick legitimacy, industrial food systems paralyze the growth of alternative agricultures, including agroecology. Questions of how alternative agricultures can attain their own thick legitimacy in order to compete with, and displace, that of industrial food have not yet attracted much scrutiny. We show that both agroecological and scientific legitimacy grow out of a web of legitimation processes in the scientific, policy, political, legal, practice, and civic arenas. Crucially, legitimation often comes through meeting what we call 'credibility tests'. Agroecologists can learn to navigate these co-constituted, multiple bases of legitimacy by paying attention to how credibility tests are currently being set in each arena, and beginning to recalibrate these tests to open more room for agroecology. Using a schematic of three non-exclusive pathways, we explore some possible practical interventions that agroecologists and other advocates of alternative agricultures could take. These pathways include: leveraging, while also reshaping, the existing standards and practices of science; extending influence into policy, legal, practical, and civic arenas; and centering attention on the ethical legitimacy of food systems. We conclude that agroecologists can benefit from considering how to build legitimacy for their work.

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“…However, the private sector generally fails to invest in agroecology [51], favoring instead technologies that increase market production at the expense of ecosystems.…”

Section: Redirecting Technology Toward Sustainable Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building a Sustainable and Desirable Economy-in-Society-in-Nature : Report to the United Nations for the 2012 Rio+20 Conference

Costanza¹,

Alperovitz²,

Daly³

et al. 2013

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How agricultural research systems shape a technological regime that develops genetic engineering but locks out agroecological innovations

Cited by 445 publications

References 53 publications

Spatial diversification of agroecosystems to enhance biological control and other regulating services: An agroecological perspective

Spatial diversification of agroecosystems to enhance biological control and other regulating services: An agroecological perspective

Toward thick legitimacy: Creating a web of legitimacy for agroecology

Building a Sustainable and Desirable Economy-in-Society-in-Nature : Report to the United Nations for the 2012 Rio+20 Conference

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