Housing stock in cold-climate countries: Conversion challenges for net zero emission buildings

Asaee, S. Rasoul; Sharafian, Amir; Herrera, Omar E.; Blomerus, Paul; Mérida, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.135

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…First, initial conditions such as the amount of hot water, hot water temperature, and the upper limit of the hot water storage tank were set, and hot water and well water supply to the hot-water storage tank were then determined on the basis of the hot water demand. Then, the volume of hot water was calculated using Equation (1), and the temperature of the hot-water storage tank was calculated using Equation (2). If the respective heating loads exceeded the heating capacities, the drop in hot water temperature was calculated by convergence calculations.…”

Section: Summary Of Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, there has been a need to reduce the operational energy of buildings due to concerns about global warming and environmental pollution. Hot water supply is one of the leading consumers of energy in buildings in cold climate areas [2], and energy-saving for these systems has a great impact on reducing energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in the building sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of a Wood Pellet Boiler System Combined with CO2HPs in a Cold Climate Area in Japan

et al. 2020

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Hot water supply is one of the leading consumers of energy in the building sector in cold climate areas. The use of woody biomass is effective in reducing CO2 emissions in hot-water supply systems. This report deals with a system that combines a wood pellet boiler (PB) and a heat pump system with CO2 (CO2HP) that is used in a facility for disabled people. The following research was conducted. The operation of a hybrid system combining a PB and CO2HPs was investigated. While operating the system, four specific operations were developed as countermeasures to save on costs and reduce system troubles while reducing CO2 emissions. The processes and results are introduced. Numerical simulations were carried out to optimize the operation. The hot water temperature, water volume, and hot water loads were simulated. The influence of the water volume ratio on the cost and primary energy consumption under the requirements for safe system operation was studied. The regional economic ripple effects (REREs) of this system were studied. The wood pellet boiler is not only a measure for reducing primary energy consumption but can also play an important role in a regional economy for sustainable development in countries that import energy resources such as Japan.

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Section: Summary Of Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a Wood Pellet Boiler System Combined with CO2HPs in a Cold Climate Area in Japan

et al. 2020

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“…17 Deep energy retrofits, renewable energy technologies, and reducing the carbon intensity of energy sources are measures to be implemented to achieve net-zero emission status for the residential sector. 18 Over time, the PH Standard had evolved to take into account renewable energy. Renewable primary energy (PER) is being introduced as a worldwide certification criteria for Passive Houses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage of solar shading devices to improve the thermal comfort in summer in a Romanian PassivHaus

Udrea

Badescu

2019

SIMULATION

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The global trend is to increase the thermal comfort in all kinds of buildings, residential and non-residential. At the same time, minimization of energy consumption and improved building sustainability must be achieved. Only precise calculations can keep the balance between maximizing comfort and minimizing energy consumption. The PassivHaus (PH) is a special type of building with low heating energy consumption that fulfills special requirements defined by the Passivhaus Institut of Darmstadt, Germany. The PassivHaus concept has been successfully implemented in climates other than that of Germany. However, current practice in Southern European countries shows that PHs may exhibit overheating in the hot season, a phenomenon which is not very often encountered in Germany. Shading devices may be considered in these southern countries to improve the thermal comfort in PHs during summer. A model of the AMVIC PH office building located near Bucharest, Romania, has been developed using Simergy and EnergyPlus software. The model was validated and calibrated using measured data during summer. Measurements have been used to estimate the classical thermal comfort indices such as predicted mean vote and predicted percent of dissatisfied. Simulations have been performed to study the effect on thermal comfort of several shading devices, such as exterior blinds, exterior shades, and overhangs. Exterior blinds and exterior shades are generally more efficient than overhangs when the results are discussed with reference to transmitted solar energy flux through the windows.

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“…To estimate the carbon emissions from residential buildings in different periods, previous research has performed extensive life cycle assessments [3,4]. Such research has demonstrated that the majority of carbon emissions arise during the operation period [5][6][7]. Therefore, research on carbon emissions reduction has focused on exercising control over emissions from residential buildings during the operation period [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cooking, heating, cooling, and illumination were all considered major contributors to carbon emissions [6,10,33,34]. Asaee et al [7] revealed that the obstacles to zero carbon emissions were low energy efficiency and high consumption of fossil fuels. In their research, the geographic heterogeneity of the climate was neglected for the reduction pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Emissions Peak Prediction and the Reduction Pathway in Buildings during Operation in Jilin Province Based on LEAP

et al. 2019

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The building sector has gradually become a major contributor of carbon emissions in recent years. Its carbon emissions, which result from the long heating period and considerable consumption of coal in residential buildings during operation, must be reduced. To this end, the long-range energy alternatives planning system was adopted for the forecasting of carbon emissions in baseline scenarios, energy-saving, energy-saving–low-carbon, and low-carbon. On the basis of these predictions, the contributions of heating, cooling, cooking, illumination, washing, and other activities to carbon emissions were analyzed. The influencing factors in the reduction of carbon emissions from residential buildings in a cold region were identified. The results showed that energy-saving–low-carbon was the optimal scenario to reduce carbon emissions. Meanwhile, carbon emissions will peak in 2030, with a value of 42.06 Mt under the same scenario. As the top three influencing factors, heating, cooling, and cooking contribute 55.74%, 18.86%, and 17.29% of carbon emissions, respectively. Sensitivity results showed the differential effects of 32 factors on the reduction of carbon emissions in residential buildings. Carbon emissions could be reduced by 17.41%, 35.51%, 31.10%, and 14.10% by controlling the building scale, heating, cooling, and cooking, respectively. To this end, seven factors, including the rationing of central heating, were identified. Then, pathways to reducing carbon emissions were proposed under different scenarios. The present research fills the gap between reality and the predicted pathway, considering the heterogeneity of the climate.

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Housing stock in cold-climate countries: Conversion challenges for net zero emission buildings

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Optimization of a Wood Pellet Boiler System Combined with CO2HPs in a Cold Climate Area in Japan

Optimization of a Wood Pellet Boiler System Combined with CO2HPs in a Cold Climate Area in Japan

Usage of solar shading devices to improve the thermal comfort in summer in a Romanian PassivHaus

Carbon Emissions Peak Prediction and the Reduction Pathway in Buildings during Operation in Jilin Province Based on LEAP

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