Households in "Fuel Poverty" is defined as which needs to spend more than 10% of its income on all fuel use and to heat its home to an adequate standard of warmth. Fuel Poverty is caused by three factors: low income, high fuel price and poor energy efficiency of a home. In cold climate region, people need to use heating to keep warm, but households in Fuel Poverty cannot afford to heat their house adequately. In this research, we investigated Fuel Poverty in cold climate region by using questionnaire and statistics.

Hot water supply is one of the leading consumers of energy in the building sector in cold climate areas. The use of woody biomass is effective in reducing CO2 emissions in hot-water supply systems. This report deals with a system that combines a wood pellet boiler (PB) and a heat pump system with CO2 (CO2HP) that is used in a facility for disabled people. The following research was conducted. The operation of a hybrid system combining a PB and CO2HPs was investigated. While operating the system, four specific operations were developed as countermeasures to save on costs and reduce system troubles while reducing CO2 emissions. The processes and results are introduced. Numerical simulations were carried out to optimize the operation. The hot water temperature, water volume, and hot water loads were simulated. The influence of the water volume ratio on the cost and primary energy consumption under the requirements for safe system operation was studied. The regional economic ripple effects (REREs) of this system were studied. The wood pellet boiler is not only a measure for reducing primary energy consumption but can also play an important role in a regional economy for sustainable development in countries that import energy resources such as Japan.

Recently, there are many social problems in Japan. One of them is health problems of elderly people because of aging. Also, recent researches suggest that low temperature environment in home influences on a health of elderly people. Therefore, in this study, I

The Improvement of a living environment in a cold climate region plays an important role to achieve sustainable development goals.However, local cities in the region are facing a declining population and their economy is exhausted. In this situation, we must use limited resources properly. Therefore, a method for evaluating sustainable schemes is important. In this research, we focus on the economic ripple effect in the region as one index of evaluation. We analyzed the ripple effects of three collective houses with different insulation, cost, structure, and heating systems.