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AbstractResearchers, policy-makers and political leaders in Canada and the US are championing the 'Ho… Show more
“…Because it increases residential stability [1][2][3][4][5][6] and results in significant cost offsets, 7 it is put forward by policy makers as an important component of a pragmatic plan to end homelessness. 8 It has been hypothesized that the benefits of HF include a reduction in criminal justice involvement (CJI). 9 CJI is especially prevalent among homeless people with mental illness, with lifetime arrest rates between 63% and 90%, 10 and engenders great costs and consequences.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because it increases residential stability 1 –6 and results in significant cost offsets, 7 it is put forward by policy makers as an important component of a pragmatic plan to end homelessness. 8…”
Objective:
Housing First is increasingly put forward as an important component of a pragmatic plan
to end homelessness. The literature evaluating the impact of Housing First on criminal
justice involvement has not yet been systematically examined. The objective of this
systematic review is to examine the impact of Housing First on criminal justice outcomes
among homeless people with mental illness.
Method:
Five electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science) were
searched up until July 2018 for randomised and nonrandomised studies of Housing First
among homeless people with a serious mental disorder.
Results:
Five studies were included for a total of 7128 participants. Two studies from a
randomised controlled trial found no effect of Housing First on arrests compared to
treatment as usual. Other studies compared Housing First to other programs or compared
configurations of HF and found reductions in criminal justice involvement among Housing
First participants.
Conclusions:
This systematic review suggests that Housing First, on average, has little impact on
criminal justice involvement. Community services such as Housing First are potentially
an important setting to put in place strategies to reduce criminal justice involvement.
However, forensic mental health approaches such as risk assessment and management
strategies and interventions may need to be integrated into existing services to better
address potential underlying individual criminogenic risk factors. Further outcome
assessment studies would be necessary.
“…Because it increases residential stability [1][2][3][4][5][6] and results in significant cost offsets, 7 it is put forward by policy makers as an important component of a pragmatic plan to end homelessness. 8 It has been hypothesized that the benefits of HF include a reduction in criminal justice involvement (CJI). 9 CJI is especially prevalent among homeless people with mental illness, with lifetime arrest rates between 63% and 90%, 10 and engenders great costs and consequences.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because it increases residential stability 1 –6 and results in significant cost offsets, 7 it is put forward by policy makers as an important component of a pragmatic plan to end homelessness. 8…”
Objective:
Housing First is increasingly put forward as an important component of a pragmatic plan
to end homelessness. The literature evaluating the impact of Housing First on criminal
justice involvement has not yet been systematically examined. The objective of this
systematic review is to examine the impact of Housing First on criminal justice outcomes
among homeless people with mental illness.
Method:
Five electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science) were
searched up until July 2018 for randomised and nonrandomised studies of Housing First
among homeless people with a serious mental disorder.
Results:
Five studies were included for a total of 7128 participants. Two studies from a
randomised controlled trial found no effect of Housing First on arrests compared to
treatment as usual. Other studies compared Housing First to other programs or compared
configurations of HF and found reductions in criminal justice involvement among Housing
First participants.
Conclusions:
This systematic review suggests that Housing First, on average, has little impact on
criminal justice involvement. Community services such as Housing First are potentially
an important setting to put in place strategies to reduce criminal justice involvement.
However, forensic mental health approaches such as risk assessment and management
strategies and interventions may need to be integrated into existing services to better
address potential underlying individual criminogenic risk factors. Further outcome
assessment studies would be necessary.
“…This finding may be troubling to those researchers and activists who insist, correctly, that mental illness affects only a minority of those who experience homelessness. Katz et al (, p. 142) wrote:If we see chronic homelessness as akin to a medical condition [sickness], we will naturally conclude that only those suffering from this medical condition should receive treatment… Everyone else, it would follow, should be able to get by without much public help, or does not deserve it.…”
Citizen attitudes toward welfare state investments are often explained by their ideological values and their perceptions of deservingness of welfare recipients, yet recent experimental research has led to the theorization that clear deservingness cues can overwhelm otherwise strong ideological beliefs. We tested these claims with respect to homelessness in Canada using a vignette survey experiment and found evidence that citizens with very different political beliefs can support similar government investments, indeed from a shared sense of deservingness as suggested by recent experimental studies, but that support is anchored by rather different reasons.
Key Practitioner Message:
• Citizen support for homelessness investments is jointly mediated by ideology and a sense of the “deservingness” of the beneficiary.
• Emphasizing the broader cost savings to taxpayers from “Housing First” does not make conservative‐leaning citizens more supportive of investments.
• Emphasizing the personal attributes of persons experiencing homelessness rather than abstract statistics may unite progressives and conservatives on “deservingness”.
“…Access to food and housing was especially important for the participants, some even making direct connections between their ability to manage their illness with medications (ART) and their ability to have food (especially healthy food) and housing (especially that which was affordable and sustainable). Work by other scholars has also determined the impact of affordable and sustainable housing on the health outcomes [ 47 , 48 ], including the material, meaningful and spatial dimensions of housing on both physical and mental health [ 49 ]. Furthermore, German and Latkin found that “social policies and programs aiming to enhance housing and overall social stability are likely to be beneficial for HIV prevention” [ 46 ] (p. 168).…”
BackgroundIndigenous young people are currently highly overrepresented in the HIV epidemic in Canada, especially in the Prairie Provinces, such as Manitoba. Understanding HIV-vulnerability in Indigenous peoples must begin with understanding that social determinants are intersectional and linked to the historical legacy of European colonization. In this paper findings that detail the influence of the intersectional social determinants on Indigenous people who become infected with HIV in their youth are presented.MethodsThe qualitative research design of phenomenology was used as it afforded the opportunity to understand Indigenous young people from their frames of reference and experiences of reality, resulting in a phenomenological understanding of their perspectives and experiences of the early years of living with HIV. A total of 21 Indigenous young people took part open-ended interviews.ResultsThe stories that the Indigenous young people shared revealed their deeply interconnected social worlds, and how social determinants including abuse, trauma, being part of the child welfare system, and housing and food security were connected throughout various stages of their lives. Such stages included childhood, adolescence and young adulthood (the time of HIV infection), and later adulthood for older participants with the social determinants having multiple influences on their health trajectories.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the need for policies and programs that are broadly focused, addressing multiple social determinants together. Overall, there needs to be more emphasis on the multiple social determinants in the life situations of all Indigenous youth. Reducing the health and social disparities in Indigenous youth is key to reducing the number of young Indigenous people diagnosed with HIV. The findings also shed light on the importance of listening to young Indigenous people who have experienced HIV diagnosis and life following diagnosis.
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