Household water quality in rural Zambia

Sutton, Sally; Mubiana, Dominic

doi:10.3362/0262-8104.1989.024

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…If all water were to be stored in only one vessel, the risk of contamination to drinking water from other water-related activities would be greater and this may help explain conflicting results presented in other studies [7,[9][10][11]. This implies that for drinking water any improvements to quality at source should be 373 considered in relation to proportion of contamination occurring after water collection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Faecal contamination of water and fingertip-rinses as a method for evaluating the effect of low-cost water supply and sanitation activities on faeco-oral disease transmission. I. A case study in rural north-east Thailand

Pinfold

1990

Epidemiol. Infect.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Faecal contamination of water and fingertip-rinses as a method for evaluating the effect of low-cost water supply and sanitation activities on faeco-oral disease transmission. I. A case study in rural north-east Thailand J. V. PINFOLD Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England (Accepted 25 May 1990) SUMMARYMost villagers in north-east Thailand carry water to their homes and store it in separate containers depending on its subsequent use. In one village, information on water use was collated with the bacteriological quality of stored water, water sources and fingertip-rinses. Stored water quality was a function of water-related activities rather than quality at source (P < 0O0001). Specifically water used for toilet, washing dishes and cooking-related activities was much more contaminated with faecal bacteria than that used for drinking and cooking. Salmonella spp. was significantly more common in water used for washing dishes than drinking (P < 005). Escherichia coli contamination of fingertip-rinses was strongly associated with the individual's activity prior to testing (P < 0-0001); child care, food and water-related activities produced much higher levels of fingertip contamination than others. Dirty utensils used for cooking and eating were usually left to soak and faecal bacterial growth occurred in this grossly contaminated soak-water. Cross-contamination via water handling was the main mechanism of stored water pollution. These results were used to develop a hygiene intervention study presented in a companion paper.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…However, water was usually taken from storage containers by a cup with a handle which should reduce water contamination. Another study in Zambia also found little difference between contamination of water sources and stored water used for drinking and cooking [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal contamination of water and fingertip-rinses as a method for evaluating the effect of low-cost water supply and sanitation activities on faeco-oral disease transmission. I. A case study in rural north-east Thailand

Pinfold

1990

Epidemiol. Infect.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study, 85.41% of the respondent dipped out water while 14.59% of the respondents poured water to collect from the storage container, which is a commendable practice. This was almost higher when comparing with studies conducted in Zambia with 80% and in south Wollo with 72% of the households was dipped out from the container (Sutton, 1989;Seid et al, 2003). The reason for these much difference is may be due to the use of narrow naked clay pots and jerrican, which is inconvenient for dipping in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Assessment of Water Handling Practices among Rural Communities of Dire Dawa Administrative Council, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

Amenu¹,

Menki²,

Gobena³

2013

Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of knowledge and hygienic practices of the community on bacteriological quality of drinking water at the source and point of use. community based cross-sectional study was conducted using questionnaire, inspection check list to observe the condition of water sources, and bacteriological water quality examination of sources and household containers. The study was conducted during February-May 2011 in rural Communitie Council. Three hundred eighty four households were selected using systematic random sampling method to assess the knowledge and hygienic practices of the community and gathered by health extension worker under strict supervisi supervisors. Bacteriological examination of six water sources systematically selected household containers was carried out by using Oxfam DelAgua water testing kit. Almost all of the water sources were subjected to contamin score. There is a significant variation between the bacteriological analysis of source water and household drinking water samples. Educational status was the only variables which was significant after adjustment of other socio demographic, Knowledge and practices variables. However other variables like: types of household containers, washing of containers before transferring, methods of water withdrawal, duration of stored water and cover of container during transportation and storage were significant in bivariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis. This may be due to confounding effects of different variables. high sanitary risk score were highly subjected to bacteriological con feacal coliform almost tripled at household level, because of poor household management INTRODUCTION Water is the essence of life and safe drinking water is a basic human right essential to all, and for sustainable development. It is known that water is our most precious resource, vital to our economy, our daily lives and to the health of our environment. Water and sanitation inadequacies hinder economic and social development, constitute a major impediment to poverty alleviation and inevitably lead to environmental degradation (WHO, 2004). A community ravaged by diarrheal diseases, dracunculiasis or schistosomiasis cannot look beyond its immediate problems towards social economic welfare. Safe water is the door way to health and health is the prerequisite for progress, social equity and human dignity (WHO, 2004).

show abstract

“…changes in water quality during storage by simply comparing the distribution of indicator organisms in water sources to the distribution in the storage containers. These studies have found substantial increases in coliform levels [Rajasekaran et al, 1977;Shiftman et al, 1978;El Attar et al, 1982;Lloyd-Evans et al, 1984;Magnani et al, 1984;Pickering, 1985;Lehmusluoto, 1986;M½lbak et al, 1989;Morin et al, 1990;Blum et al, 1990;Pinfold, 1990], litfie or no change in overall col[form levels [Oluwande, 1980;Young and Briscoe, 1986;Sutton and Mubiana, 1989], and, in one case, a large decrease in mean coliform levels [Tompkins et al, 1978]. These aggregate measures are of limited use because they conceal the changes occurring in each household.…”

Section: Most •Tudies Of In-house Contamination Have Documentedmentioning

confidence: 96%

All coliforms are not created equal: A comparison of the effects of water source and in‐house water contamination on infantile diarrheal disease

VanDerslice¹,

Briscoe²

1993

Water Resources Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Storing drinking water in the home is common in the developing world. Several studies have documented increased concentrations of fecal coliforms during household storage. This has led to the belief that in‐house water contamination is an important transmission route for enteric pathogens and, moreover, that improving water source quality is not warranted until that quality can be maintained in the home. We contend that in‐house water contamination does not pose a serious risk of diarrhea because family members would likely develop some level of immunity to pathogens commonly encountered in the household environment. Even when there is no such immunity, transmission of these pathogens via stored water may be inefficient relative to other household transmission routes, such as person‐to‐person contact or food contamination. A contaminated water source poses much more of a risk since it may introduce new pathogens into the household, The effects of water source and in‐house contamination on diarrheal disease are estimated for 2355 Filipino infants. The results confirm our hypothesis: contaminated water sources pose a serious risk of diarrhea while contamination of drinking water in the home does not. Water boiling is shown to eliminate the risk of diarrhea due to water source contamination. The results imply that improvements in water source quality are more important than improving water storage practices.

show abstract

Household water quality in rural Zambia

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Faecal contamination of water and fingertip-rinses as a method for evaluating the effect of low-cost water supply and sanitation activities on faeco-oral disease transmission. I. A case study in rural north-east Thailand

Faecal contamination of water and fingertip-rinses as a method for evaluating the effect of low-cost water supply and sanitation activities on faeco-oral disease transmission. I. A case study in rural north-east Thailand

Assessment of Water Handling Practices among Rural Communities of Dire Dawa Administrative Council, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

All coliforms are not created equal: A comparison of the effects of water source and in‐house water contamination on infantile diarrheal disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About