All coliforms are not created equal: A comparison of the effects of water source and in‐house water contamination on infantile diarrheal disease

VanDerslice, James; Briscoe, James

doi:10.1029/92wr02994

Cited by 71 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Comparing spring water source with the different storage containers distributed to the participants, contamination was higher at the source and this agrees with one of the observational studies by other researchers that mean coliform levels were substantially higher in water sources than in household water storage containers [15]. Comparing water samples from covered buckets without taps and covered buckets with taps, contamination was significantly higher in samples from covered buckets without tap.…”

Section: Effect Of Storage Containers On Quality Of Household Drinkinsupporting

confidence: 79%

Effect of Storage Containers on Quality of Household Drinking Water in Urban Communities in Ibadan, Nigeria

Onigbogi¹,

Ogunyemi²

2014

IJPHS

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The method of storage is essential in maintaining water purity and safety for drinking purposes. This study assessed the effect of various storage containers on household drinking water quality in a resource-limited setting. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Four communities using protected springs as household drinking water sources were purposively selected. Forty-four households were selected and randomly assigned to four treatment groups; namely Covered Buckets with Taps (CBT), Covered Buckets without Tap (CB), Covered Kegs with Taps (CKT) and Covered Kegs without Tap (CK). Physicochemical analysis and bacteriological analysis were carried out on the water samples before and after they were put in the containers. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 12. At baseline, mean pH values of water samples from the springs and RSC were 6.4±0.6 and 7.1±0.7 respectively which were above the recommended. Mean chloride concentration of springs (14.3±7.4mg/l) and RSC (19.3±10.0 mg/l) samples were below recommended. Mean Total Coliform Count (TCC) of the springs in the four communities was 18.0±4.0 and mean TCC of RSC was 12.7±4.9. Five percent of water samples from RSC had mean E.coli count of 100/100ml. The mean TCC after introducing CB, CBT, CK and CKT in all the communities were 10.0±4.0, 8.5±4.2, 6.9±2.8 and 7.3±3.7 respectively (p<0.05). The use of covered kegs without tap was best in reducing contaminants in drinking water. Education on appropriate household drinking water storage and handling practices is recommended.

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Section: Effect Of Storage Containers On Quality Of Household Drinkinsupporting

confidence: 79%

Effect of Storage Containers on Quality of Household Drinking Water in Urban Communities in Ibadan, Nigeria

Onigbogi¹,

Ogunyemi²

2014

IJPHS

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“…al., 2004). However, at least one study has shown that within-household fecal contamination of stored water is less infectious than pathogens introduced from outside the household (VanDerslice and Briscoe, 1993).…”

Section: Data and Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of being informed: Experimental evidence on demand for environmental quality

Jalan

Somanathan

2008

Journal of Development Economics

208

133

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To what extent does information affect the demand for environmental quality? A randomly selected group of households in an Indian city were informed whether or not their drinking water had tested positive for fecal contamination using a simple, inexpensive test kit. Households initially not purifying their water and told that their drinking water was possibly contaminated, were 11 percentage points more likely to begin some form of home purification in the next 8 weeks than households that received no information. They spent $7.24 (at PPP) more on purification than control households. By way of comparison, an additional year of schooling of the most educated male in the household is associated with a 3 percentage-point rise in the probability of initial purification, while a standard-deviation increase in the wealth index is associated with a 12 percentage-point rise in this probability and an $11.75 rise in expenditure. Initially purifying households that received a "no contamination" result did not react by reducing purification. These results suggest that estimates of the demand for environment quality that assume full information may signficantly under-estimate it.

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“…It is also a common observation that drinking water can be recontaminated following collection and storage at home (Trevett and Carter 2008;Lindskog and Lindskog 1988). This recontamination may be due to unwashed hands, unwashed containers, general non-hygienic conditions and/or lack of basic sanitation (Wright et al 2004;Roberts et al 2001;Vanderslice and Briscoe 1993) leading to a need for simple, point-of-use methods of disinfection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation and sub-lethal injury of Escherichia coli in a copper water storage vessel: effect of inorganic and organic constituents

Sharan

Chhibber

Attri

et al. 2010

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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This study provides information on the effects of inorganic and organic constituents on inactivation and sub-lethal injury of Escherichia coli in water stored in a copper vessel. E. coli suspensions were stored for up to 24 h in copper vessels containing one of the following dissolved constituents at 1 g/l: salts of inorganic ions, carbohydrates, proteins and complex natural organic mixtures. Samples were surface plated onto (i) nutrient agar, incubated under standard aerobic conditions to provide conventional counts for uninjured bacteria count and onto (ii) nutrient agar plates with 0.5 g/l sodium pyruvate incubated under anaerobic conditions to enumerate sub-lethally injured (oxygen-sensitive) bacteria alongside their healthy counterparts. The concentration of dissolved copper in the stored water was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The addition of chloride salts resulted in a faster inactivation of E. coli compared to pure water with no dissolved additives, irrespective of the counterion. In contrast, a slower inactivation was observed in the presence of Na(2)SO(4), NaNO(3) and NaNO(2) when compared to NaCl. Addition of the carbohydrates glucose, lactose and starch gave broadly similar results to those obtained using unsupplemented water. However, the addition of amino acids, proteins, humic acid or complex organic mixtures caused a dramatic decrease in inactivation of E. coli, with evidence of a greater number of sub-lethally injured bacteria than was seen with other added constituents. The amount of copper was highest in stored water containing amino acids and complex organic constituents, with the slow inactivation most likely to be due to complex formation between leached copper and these organic constituents. The present study clearly demonstrates that water composition, particularly natural organic constituents, has a substantial impact on the antibacterial effectiveness and dissolved copper concentration of water stored in copper vessels and that both aspects will need to be considered in terms of their impact on the practical use of copper-based systems for small-scale water treatment.

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All coliforms are not created equal: A comparison of the effects of water source and in‐house water contamination on infantile diarrheal disease

Cited by 71 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of Storage Containers on Quality of Household Drinking Water in Urban Communities in Ibadan, Nigeria

Effect of Storage Containers on Quality of Household Drinking Water in Urban Communities in Ibadan, Nigeria

The importance of being informed: Experimental evidence on demand for environmental quality

Inactivation and sub-lethal injury of Escherichia coli in a copper water storage vessel: effect of inorganic and organic constituents

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