Household energy elasticities and policy implications for Pakistan

How Do Energy Demand and Socioeconomic Factors Drive Localities Towards Deforestation and Carbon Emissions in Pakistan?

“…Hence, the study con rmed more intensive deforestation and forest degradation patterns in all the study districts, initially in P1 (2000-10 -0.61, 1.07, 0.16, 0.76, 0.54, and 0.64 from Buner till Upper Dir, respectively). This trend certi es the prevailing trend of up to 74% loss of forest resources exhaustive deforestation and forests' degradation in other neighboring areas of KP province are experiencing a loss up to 74% due to incessant clearing and degradation, where people burn wood 858,357 tones in urban areas while 9,541,285 tones in rural areas annually (Irfan et al, 2017).…”

“…The literature suggests the existence of several direct and indirect socio-economic drivers of deforestation. These drivers are classi ed as; agricultural expansion (subsistence and commercial agriculture), wood extraction (fuelwood and construction timber), market expansion (households' construction and commercial expansion), and demographic, economic, political, and institutional factors (Tufail et al, 2021;Irfan et al, 2017;Qamer et al, 2016;Qamer et al, 2012;Ali et al, 2006;Ali and Benjamin 2004;Gautam et al, 2003). The same drivers as variables were taken to study the socio-economic causes of deforestation and forest degradation in the study region (Table 4).…”

Oil Products Consumption and Economic Growth in Cameroon Households: An Assessment Using Ardl Cointegration and Granger Causality Analysis

“…Although traditional biomass is renewable, its traditional use pattern releases a multitude of noxious chemical compounds and many inhalable particulates that are harmful to the environment and human health (Nkutchet, 2004;Clark et al, 2009;Mehetre et al, 2017). Often, these fuels are incinerated in opened fires or three-stone furnaces, leading to the release of dangerous levels of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, cilia toxic, formaldehyde and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Han et al, 2018;Irfan et al, 2018). As a result of the use of solid fuels, nearly 300 thousand people in SSA die prematurely yearly because of indoor air pollution, and many more suffer from severe diseases such as lung infections, asthma, eye infections, cancer, sinus problems, tuberculosis and cardiovascular diseases (WHO, 2015;IEA, 2016).…”

“…Roughly 7.3 million hectares of forest are cleared each year in SSA to provide agricultural lands or for use as firewood (IEA, 2016;FAO, 2018). Humans depend on forests for their survival, from the air they breathe to the wood they use, and medicines they need (Irfan et al, 2018;Carvalho et al, 2019). Besides providing habitats for animals and subsistence for humans, forests also prevent soil erosion, offer watershed protection and alleviate climate change.…”

“…It is crucial to understand how income and prices influence household energy choices in order to plan policies that handle the challenges of population pressure on forests and the costs of new energy sources (Mensah et al, 2016;Irfan et al, 2018;Uhr et al, 2019). Studying household fuel choices is directly related to public policy in Cameroon.…”