Household Debt and Household Spending Behavior: Evidence from Malaysia

Cai, Yunchao; Yusof, Selamah Abdullah; Amin, Ruzita Mohd; Arshad, Mohd Nahar Mohd

doi:10.17576/jem-2020-5401-8

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, they can save to re/invest in the future, which has a positive impact on their economic wellbeing as well as on regional economic development [55]. Furthermore, a study found that poorer families' needs to cut daily utilities, education, medical care, and leisure activities expenditures due to their having fewer economic resources and more family needs and demands which have a negative impact on household economic wellbeing [78]. In the case of children's educational expenditures, all the business types of women entrepreneurs contributed negatively to most expenditure areas, except miscellaneous expenditures, compared to beauticians as a reference category.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurial Income and Wellbeing: Women’s Informal Entrepreneurship in a Developing Context

et al. 2021

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This study examines the impact of women’s entrepreneurial income on wellbeing. Women entrepreneurs (N = 504) from district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan participated in the study. ANOVAs and multiple regressions were used to analyze the impact of predictors on the dependent variables (i.e., per capita income, education, health, entertainment, social, household, and other miscellaneous expenditures, investment, savings, and charity). The findings indicated that women’s informal entrepreneurship has a significant role in family, economic, and societal wellbeing. The results contribute to the understanding of women’s entrepreneurial income on individual and family wellbeing. Women’s informal entrepreneurship plays an important role, particularly in the developing world, consistent with the multiplier effect of women entrepreneurs’’ wellbeing. Measures were suggested to empower such women informal, home-based entrepreneurs in view of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurial Income and Wellbeing: Women’s Informal Entrepreneurship in a Developing Context

et al. 2021

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“…Our study uniquely studied the association of various interesting factors, as depicted in Figure 1, with HCW mental health conditions as compared to before the start of the pandemic. To consider each factor separately, we used a multivariate ordinal logistic regression [17,18]. The model is defined in Multimedia Appendix 1.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Worsened Mental Health of Health Care Workers in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study

AbdulHussein,

Butt,

Dimitrov

et al. 2024

Interact J Med Res

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Background Health care workers (HCWs) in Canada have endured difficult conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many worked long hours while attending to patients in a contagious environment. This introduced an additional burden that may have contributed to worsened mental health conditions. Objective In this study, we examine the factors associated with worsened mental health conditions of HCWs as compared to before the start of the pandemic. Methods We use data from a survey of HCWs by Statistics Canada. A regression model is used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of worsened mental health after the start of the pandemic. The estimated odds ratio (OR) is associated with different independent variables that include demographics (age, sex, immigration status, and geographic area), occupational factors (work status, occupational group, and exposure category), and different access levels to personal protective equipment (PPE). Results Of 18,139 eligible participants surveyed, 13,990 (77.1%) provided valid responses. We found that HCWs younger than 35 years old were more likely (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.27; P=.01) to exhibit worsened mental health as compared to the reference group (35-44 years old). As for sex, male HCWs were less likely (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.86; P<.001) to exhibit worsened mental health as compared to female HCWs. Immigrant HCWs were also less likely (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.51-0.64; P<.001) to exhibit worsened mental health as compared to nonimmigrant HCWs. Further, HCWs working in Alberta had the highest likelihood of exhibiting worsened mental health as compared to HCWs working elsewhere (Atlantic provinces, Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Ontario, British Columbia, and Northern Territories). Frontline workers were more likely (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.16-1.38; P<.001) to exhibit worsened mental health than nonfrontline HCWs. Part-time HCWs were less likely (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.93; P<.001) to exhibit worsened mental health than full-time HCWs. HCWs who reported encountering COVID-19 cases were more likely (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.41-1.70; P<.001) to exhibit worsened mental health as compared to HCWs who reported no contact with the disease. As for PPE, HCWs who never had access to respirators, eye protection, and face shields are more likely to exhibit worsened mental health by 1.31 (95% CI 1.07-1.62; P<.001), 1.51 (95% CI 1.17-1.96; P<.001), and 1.41 (95% CI 1.05-1.92; P=.02) than those who always had access to the same PPE, respectively. Conclusions Different HCW groups experienced the pandemic differently based on their demographic and occupational backgrounds as well as access to PPE. Such findings are important to stakeholders involved in the planning of personalized support programs and aid mental health mitigation in future crises. Certain groups require more attention.

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“…They found that household indebtedness causes household consumption to increase after holding the impact of interest rates, incomes and wealth constant; deleveraging leads to reduced total consumption. However, Yunchao et al (2020) argued that higher levels of household debt have not led to a significant decrease in household spending. The results regarding household spending differ from those of previous studies, which have generally found, using data collected during and after recessions, that an increased level of debt causes significantly reduced consumer spending.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nexus between households’ indebtedness and consumption: the role of gender, geographical area and income groups

Wong

Kusairi

Halim

2022

IJDI

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Purpose The persistent increase in household indebtedness is an alarming issue that is becoming a major concern for economists and governments in developing nations. Although household consumption is an essential source of economic growth, households’ failure to meet their financial obligations will be one of the causes of economic problems if the increase in consumption is largely financed by household borrowing. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the nexus between households’ indebtedness and consumption and the roles of household characteristics. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a microdata set of the Household Expenditure and Income Survey in 2019, which contained a simple random sampling of 4,730 households. Findings Using a simultaneous equations model, our results show a negative nexus between households’ consumption and their indebtedness. We find that household savings and size have an indirect impact on the debt service ratio, while the assets and total debt repayment instalments indirectly influence household consumption. We also identify differences in the relationship between the gender of the household head, rural and urban locations and income groups in consumption and indebtedness. Research limitations/implications The implication of this study is that governments should adopt several programmes to increase the awareness of household financial and debt management, especially for those in the low-income group. Originality/value This study contributes to the empirical literature by establishing a microeconomic perspective of consumption and an indebtedness model focusing on the differences in household characteristics in explaining consumption and indebtedness.

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Household Debt and Household Spending Behavior: Evidence from Malaysia

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Entrepreneurial Income and Wellbeing: Women’s Informal Entrepreneurship in a Developing Context

Entrepreneurial Income and Wellbeing: Women’s Informal Entrepreneurship in a Developing Context

Factors Associated With Worsened Mental Health of Health Care Workers in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study

The nexus between households’ indebtedness and consumption: the role of gender, geographical area and income groups

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