Household Characteristics Associated with Rodent Presence and Leptospira Infection in Rural and Urban Communities from Southern Chile

Muñoz-Zanzi, Claudia; Mason, Meghan; Encina, Carolina; González, M Susana; Berg, S.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0334

Cited by 56 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Muñoz-Zanzi found an even higher presence of rodents in rural and slum households. 28 Storing wood and crops inside the homes was also reported. Of note, rodent control was mentioned by only 3% of the subjects as a preventive measure for hantavirus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hantavirus disease and acceptance of a vaccine trial in rural communities of southern Chile

Valdivieso

González

Nájera

et al. 2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Andes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, transmitted by Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, has no approved treatment, a case fatality rate of 35%, and documented person-to-person transmission. An Andes vaccine, highly needed for prevention, is in development. We aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding hantavirus disease and willingness to participate in a future Andes vaccine trials through a cross sectional face-to-face oral survey of a randomly selected adult sample from 2 rural communes in southern Chile. Human subjects approval was obtained from our institutional IRBs, and participants signed informed consent. We enrolled 319 subjects from Corral and 321 from Curarrehue; 98% had heard about hantavirus disease and its reservoir but only half knew about transmission, symptoms and prevention. Participants fear the disease but are only partially aware of their own risk. One third of participants reported presence of rodents inside their homes. Despite moderate confidence in their health system, most subjects perceived vaccines as beneficial, and 93% would accept an approved hantavirus vaccine. Half would agree to participate in a vaccine trial and 29% would allow their children to participate. Motivations to participate were mainly altruistic, while risk perception was the main reason for declining. Knowledge about hantavirus disease and prevention practices require reinforcement, and a vaccine trial seems feasible in these populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hantavirus disease and acceptance of a vaccine trial in rural communities of southern Chile

Valdivieso

González

Nájera

et al. 2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…In the south of Chile, rodents present high rates of Leptospira infection (Zunino and Pizarro 2007). In fact Muñoz-Zanzi et al (2014) detected, by PCR, a 19.7% Leptospira prevalence in rodents associated with agricultural fields, 25.9% associated with rural villages, 21.1% associated with wild rodents, and 12.3% associated with slums.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of pathogenic Leptospira in alien American mink (Neovison vison) in Patagonia

Barros

Sáenz

Lapierre

et al. 2014

Rev. Chil. de Hist. Nat.

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Background: Leptospirosis is an important zoonosis with worldwide distribution caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The North American mink (Neovison vison) has an important role in the environmental contamination with Leptospira, as minks live in aquatic environments and are the predators of rodents. Findings: Blood and kidney samples were obtained from 57 minks in Southern Chile 39°S to 45°S. Pathogenic species of Leptospira were detected by PCR on 31/57 minks. To determine the species, we sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene on nine of the positive samples. We predicted two pathogenic species: Leptospira interrogans (five samples) and Leptospira borgpetersenii (four samples).Conclusions: This study showed that the American mink presents pathogenic species of Leptospira and confirm important environmental contamination of Patagonian rivers and lakes with pathogenic Leptospira.

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“…16,17 Previous studies showed the most abundant species found infected by Leptospira were R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus. [18][19][20][21][22] This showed that R. tanezumi could serve as a source of Leptospira infection and spread to humans and the environment. Possibility of human exposed to Leptospira from R. tanezumi is even higher because of close living habitat of rats to human life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira in Rat and Shrew Populations Using rpoB Gene and Its Spatial Distribution in Boyolali District

Widiastuti¹,

Sholichah²,

Agustiningsih³

et al. 2016

Kesmas: National Public Health Journal

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Leptospirosis becomes health problem in Indonesia. Until April 2014, leptospirosis cases transmitted by rats were reported in Boyolali with case fatality rate (CFR) by 83.3%. Leptospira genus consists of various serovars and genetic types living in different environment. Leptospira species classification based on rpoB gene could be used as this gene has high polymorphism level. This study aimed to identify Leptospira serovars in rat population using kinship analysis based on rpoB gene polymorphism, and describe spatial distribution of rats with Leptospira positive in Boyolali District. A cross-sectional study was conducted on April 2014 at Sindon Village in Ngemplak Subdistrict and Jeron Village in Nogosari Subdistrict, Boyolali District. Polymerase Chain Reaction test was performed on 104 rat kidney samples from two locations of study. Spatial analysis was conducted to map distribution of rats with Leptospira positive. There were six positive rpoB gene samples in Rattus tanezumi, Rattus argentiventer and Suncus murinus. Five of six positive samples showed the closest genetic kinship to Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Sejroe based on rpoB gene. One isolate did not have a close genetic kinship to any serovar included in the cluster. Spatial analysis based on home range buffer zone showed rats with Leptospira positive were found in 30 meter and 150 meter from leptospirosis patients. Keywords: Leptospira, rpoB, spatial AbstrakLeptospirosis merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Hingga April 2014, dilaporkan kasus leptospirosis yang ditularkan oleh tikus di Kabupaten Boyolali dengan angka kematian 83,3%. Genus Leptospira terdiri dari ratusan serovar dan tipe genetik yang hidup di pelbagai jenis habitat. Pengelompokan spesies Leptospira berdasarkan gen rpoB dapat digunakan karena tingkat polimorfisme gen tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serovar bakteri Leptospira pada populasi tikus di Kabupaten Boyolali menggunakan analisis hubungan kekerabatan didasarkan pada polimorfisme gen rpoB dan menggambarkan distribusi spasial tikus positif Leptospira di Kabupaten Boyolali. Penelitian potong lintang dilaksanakan pada April 2014 di Desa Sindon Kecamatan Ngemplak dan Desa Jeron Kecamatan Nogosari, Kabupaten Boyolali. Pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction dilakukan pada 104 sampel ginjal tikus dari dua lokasi penelitian. Analisis spasial sederhana dilakukan untuk memetakan sebaran tikus yang positif Leptospira. Terdapat enam sampel positif gen rpoB Leptospira pada Rattus tanezumi, Rattus argentiventer dan Suncus murinus. Lima dari keenam sampel menunjukkan hubungan kekerabatan yang paling dekat dengan Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Sejroe berdasarkan gen rpoB. Satu isolat tidak memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan serovar manapun yang masuk dalam cluster. Analisis spasial berdasarkan jarak aktivitas harian tikus menunjukkan tikus positif Leptospira ditemukan berada dalam kisaran 30 meter dan 150 meter dari penderita leptospirosis.

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Household Characteristics Associated with Rodent Presence and Leptospira Infection in Rural and Urban Communities from Southern Chile

Cited by 56 publications

References 41 publications

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hantavirus disease and acceptance of a vaccine trial in rural communities of southern Chile

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hantavirus disease and acceptance of a vaccine trial in rural communities of southern Chile

High prevalence of pathogenic Leptospira in alien American mink (Neovison vison) in Patagonia

Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira in Rat and Shrew Populations Using rpoB Gene and Its Spatial Distribution in Boyolali District

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