Hot workability of AISI 321 and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steels

Nkhoma, Richard; Siyasiya, Charles Witness; Stumpf, Waldo E.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.01.157

Cited by 81 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Austenitic stainless steels (ASS) are commonly characterized by favorable ductility and excellent corrosion resistance [7][8][9]. AISI321, an austenitic stainless steel stabilized with titanium, is a promising material for load-bearing applications in solar thermal power generation, nuclear power reactors, boilers, pressure vessels, expansion bellows, and stack liners [10,11]. The heat exchange pipes made of AISI321 are prone to have creep damage under long-term hightemperature conditions, coupled with the combined effects of corrosive media and pressure within the pipe, to further accelerate pipeline failure and bursting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Laser Shock Processing and Aluminizing on Microstructure and High-Temperature Creep Properties of 321 Stainless Steel for Solar Thermal Power Generation

Huang

et al. 2020

International Journal of Photoenergy

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The aluminized layer of 321 stainless steel was treated by laser shock processing (LSP). The effects of constituent distribution and microstructure change of the aluminized layer in 321 stainless steel on creep performance at high temperature were investigated. SEM and EDS results reveal that aluminized coating is mainly composed of an Al 2 O 3 outer layer, the transition layer of the Fe-Al phase, and the diffusion layer. Additionally, LSP conducted on coating surface not only improves the density of the layer structure, resulting in an increment on the bonding strength of both infiltration layer and substrate, but also leaves higher residual compressive stress in the aluminized layer which improves its creep life effectively. Experimental results indicate that the microhardness of the laser-shocked region is improved strongly by the refined grains and the reconstruction of microstructures. Meanwhile, the roughness and microhardness of aluminized steel are found to increase with the laser impact times. On the other hand, the intermetallic layers, whose microstructure is stable enough to inhibit crack initiation, reinforce strength greatly. The anticreep life of aluminized sample with three times LSP was increased by 232.1% as compared to aluminized steel, which could attribute to the increased dislocation density in the peened sample as well as the decrease of creep voids in size and density.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Laser Shock Processing and Aluminizing on Microstructure and High-Temperature Creep Properties of 321 Stainless Steel for Solar Thermal Power Generation

Huang

et al. 2020

International Journal of Photoenergy

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“…Additionally, the presence of carbon in the solution is undesirable because it causes the formation of M 23 C 6 and intermetallic compounds such as sigma (σ), chi (χ), and laves (η) phases. Although the 316 L steel contains minimal amount of carbon, this presence can lead to the formation of these phases when processed at high temperatures, which induce sensitization and intergranular corrosion of the material [5] [6] [7]. Mechanical stresses coupled with corrosion are the main factors in equipment failure, which can result in material damage, human harm, environmental damage, damage to public health, and major economic damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical Behavior and Corrosion Resistance of a 316 L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Ferreira¹,

Nascimento²,

Reis³

et al. 2020

MSA

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Hot-formed components are constantly exposed to hostile environments with corrosive substances. Microstructural changes caused by thermomechanical processing can be predicted to increase the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between the dynamic softening mechanisms and corrosion resistance, thus optimizing the hot-forming process. In the current work, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of AISI 316 L austenitic stainless steel was studied in the temperature range of 1273-1423 K and strain-rate range of 0.1-5.0 s −1 using physical simulation. Subsequently, potentiodynamic polarization tests and scanning electron microscopy were performed on the hot-deformed samples to investigate the influence of temperature and strain-rate on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The results indicated that the DRX fractions increased under low-temperature and high strain-rate conditions, resulting in grain refinement. The potentiodynamic polarization tests indicated that the dynamically recovered samples demonstrated high resistance to corrosion compared with the DRX samples. The best route found for the investigated alloy was for the strain to be applied at a temperature of 1423 K and a strain rate of 0.1 s −1 .

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“…In this thermomechanical cycle, materials initially undergo a hardening process, followed by slow dynamic recovery and predominantly dynamic recrystallization, which are dictated by the stacking-fault energy (SFE) and the applied stain conditions 4 . Stainless steels tend to soften by dynamic recrystallization (DRX), after a certain amount of deformation 1,[5][6] . This threshold deformation, which is known as the critical strain (ε c ), corresponds to the minimum deformation necessary for the onset of DRX, and the stress corresponding to this strain is called critical stress (σ c ) [7][8][9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Softening Mechanisms of the AISI 410 Martensitic Stainless Steel Under Hot Torsion Simulation

et al. 2017

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This study investigated the softening mechanisms of the AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel during torsion simulation under isothermal continuous in the temperature range of 900 to 1150 °C and strain rates of 0.1 to 5.0s -1 . In the first part of the curves, before the peak, the results show that the critical (ε c ) and peak (ε p ) strains are elevated for higher strain rate and lower temperatures contributing for higher strain hardening rate (h). Moreover, this indicated that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and dynamic recovery (DRV) are not effective in this region. After the peak, the reductions in stresses are associated to the different DRX/DRV competitions. For lower temperatures and higher strain rates there is a delay in the DRX while the DRV is acting predominantly (with low Avrami exponent (n) and high t 0.5 ). The steady state was reached after large strains showing DRX grains, formation of retained austenite and the presence of chromium carbide (Cr 23 C 6 ) and ferrite δ at the martensitic grain boundaries. These contribute for impairing the toughness and ductility on the material. The constitutive equations at the peak strain indicated changes in the deformation mechanism, with variable strain rate sensitivity (m), which affected the final microstructure.

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Hot workability of AISI 321 and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steels

Cited by 81 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of Laser Shock Processing and Aluminizing on Microstructure and High-Temperature Creep Properties of 321 Stainless Steel for Solar Thermal Power Generation

Effect of Laser Shock Processing and Aluminizing on Microstructure and High-Temperature Creep Properties of 321 Stainless Steel for Solar Thermal Power Generation

Thermomechanical Behavior and Corrosion Resistance of a 316 L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Softening Mechanisms of the AISI 410 Martensitic Stainless Steel Under Hot Torsion Simulation

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