Hot tap water production by a 4 kW sorption segmented reactor in household scale for seasonal heat storage

Gaeini, M Mohammadreza; Alebeek, R van; Scapino, Luca; Zondag, HA Herbert; Rindt, Ccm Camilo

doi:10.1016/j.est.2018.02.014

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The tested sorbent material is the Köstrolith R 13XBFK, that is, a synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate (zeolite) by Chemiewerk Bad Köstritz GmbH (CWK-BK datasheets, 2019). The material is non-toxic, low-cost (about 1 € per liter) and particularly suitable for adsorption processes, since no inert binder components are included (Gaeini et al, 2018). This synthetic zeolite belongs to the Faujasite (FAU) family (Baerlocher et al, 2007;First et al, 2011) and presents a regular nanoporous structure with mean pore size equal to 9 Å (Fasano et al, 2016a(Fasano et al, , 2017, which makes it suitable for sorption of small molecules such as water or organic solvents (Fasano et al, 2016b;Bergamasco et al, 2019).…”

Section: Working Pairsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owe to these peculiar properties, and to the large range of potential applications, several working pairs have been extensively investigated: for example, sorbents like silica gel, zeolite, metal-organic framework or hygroscopic salts; sorbates as water or organic solvents (Scapino et al, 2017). A few works have also studied possible solar (Gaeini et al, 2018;Shere et al, 2018) or automotive (Gardie and Goetz, 1995;Narayanan et al, 2017) applications of TES based on sorption processes; however, a broader diffusion of this heat storage approach may be limited by the complexity of the required technology and auxiliary systems. In fact, since vapor-solid sorption is preferred to achieve larger heat storage density and improved adsorption/desorption dynamics, sorption heat storage systems typically require de-pressurized reactor vessels, vacuum pumps and various valves and tubes for managing the sorbate flow from/to the sorbent bed (Zettl et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water/Ethanol and 13X Zeolite Pairs for Long-Term Thermal Energy Storage at Ambient Pressure

et al. 2019

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Thermal energy storage is a key technology to increase the global energy share of renewables-by matching energy availability and demand-and to improve the fuel economy of energy systems-by recovery and reutilization of waste heat. In particular, the negligible heat losses of sorption technologies during the storing period make them ideal for applications where long-term storage is required. Current technologies are typically based on the sorption of vapor sorbates on solid sorbents, requiring cumbersome reactors and components operating at below ambient pressure. In this work, we report the experimental characterization of working pairs made of various liquid sorbates (distilled water, ethanol and their mixture) and a 13X zeolite sorbent at ambient pressure. The sorbent hydration by liquid sorbates shows lower heat storage performance than vapor hydration; yet, it provides similar heat storage density to that obtainable by latent heat storage (40-50 kWh/m 3) at comparable costs, robustness and simplicity of the system, while gaining the long-term storage capabilities of sorption-based technologies. As a representative application example of long-term storage, we verify the feasibility of a sorption heat storage system with liquid sorbate, which could be used to improve the cold-start of stand-by generators driven by internal combustion engines. This example shows that liquid hydration may be adopted as a simple and low-cost alternative to more efficient-yet more expensive-techniques for long-term energy storage.

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Section: Working Pairsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water/Ethanol and 13X Zeolite Pairs for Long-Term Thermal Energy Storage at Ambient Pressure

et al. 2019

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“…Concerning DHW provision, only a few examples were reported in the literature. For instance, a 4-kW prototype based on zeolite 13X and water with an open sorption TES was realized and tested in [33,34]. Of course, in this case the charging temperature is much higher than other cases, due to the high hydrophilicity of zeolite 13X.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Comparison of Innovative Composite Sorbents for Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water Storage

et al. 2021

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In this study, the development and comparative characterization of different composite sorbents for thermal energy storage applications is reported. Two different applications were targeted, namely, low-temperature space heating (SH) and domestic hot water (DHW) provision. From a literature analysis, the most promising hygroscopic salts were selected for these conditions, being LiCl for SH and LiBr for DHW. Furthermore, two mesoporous silica gel matrixes and a macroporous vermiculite were acquired to prepare the composites. A complete characterization was performed by investigating the porous structure of the composites before and after impregnation, through N2 physisorption, as well as checking the phase composition of the composites at different temperatures through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, sorption equilibrium curves were measured in water vapor atmosphere to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the samples and a detailed calorimetric analysis was carried out to evaluate the reaction evolution under real operating conditions as well as the sorption heat of each sample. The results demonstrated a slower reaction kinetic in the vermiculite-based composites, due to the larger size of salt grains embedded in the pores, while promising volumetric storage densities of 0.7 GJ/m3 and 0.4 GJ/m3 in silica gel-based composites were achieved for SH and DHW applications, respectively.

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“…For such systems, the exothermic reaction leads to material hydration, while the dehydration of the material is achieved by an endothermic reaction. Gaeini et al constructed open sorption, multi-modular, thermochemical energy storage for domestic hot water production using a zeolite-water working pair [11]. The average experimental energy storage density was 108 kWh/m³ at the reactor scale with charging and discharging temperatures of 190 °C (hot air) and 10 °C (outdoor humid air).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Water Preparation along with Combined Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage System: Experimental Validation and Performance Simulation

Skrylnyk¹,

Courbon²,

Heymans³

et al. 2020

JEPT

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Hybrid solar thermal systems are considered to be a promising solution for delivering clean thermal energy for the building sector, especially while combining them with other renewable energy sources. Usually, solar energy production does not match the thermal energy demand, and hence the energy storage must be integrated. Thermochemical energy storage is adapted particularly to be used along with solar thermal applications. In this article, the design of the combined solar thermochemical energy storage system is presented. The experimental prototype was built and tested within atmospheric conditions. The model of the thermochemical reactor was developed using Matlab® and it was validated by the experimental data. The dynamic simulations of the combined solar thermal system for the preparation of domestic hot water were carried out in the TRNSYS environment. The experimental energy storage density of the fully dehydrated material under non-equilibrium conditions was measured between 102 and 158 kWh/m³. Dynamic simulations performed in a broader scope of climate conditions showed that the energy storage density in the material under non-equilibrium conditions could vary between 71 and 247 kWh/m³.

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Hot tap water production by a 4 kW sorption segmented reactor in household scale for seasonal heat storage

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Water/Ethanol and 13X Zeolite Pairs for Long-Term Thermal Energy Storage at Ambient Pressure

Water/Ethanol and 13X Zeolite Pairs for Long-Term Thermal Energy Storage at Ambient Pressure

Experimental Comparison of Innovative Composite Sorbents for Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water Storage

Hot Water Preparation along with Combined Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage System: Experimental Validation and Performance Simulation

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Hot tap water production by a 4 kW sorption segmented reactor in household scale for seasonal heat storage

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Water/Ethanol and 13X Zeolite Pairs for Long-Term Thermal Energy Storage at Ambient Pressure

Water/Ethanol and 13X Zeolite Pairs for Long-Term Thermal Energy Storage at Ambient Pressure

Experimental Comparison of Innovative Composite Sorbents for Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water Storage

Hot Water Preparation along with Combined Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage System: Experimental Validation and Performance Simulation

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Product

Resources

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Hot tap water production by a 4 kW sorption segmented reactor in household scale for seasonal heat storage