The energy-storage capacities of a series of water-stable porous metal-organic frameworks, based on high-valence metal cations (Al , Fe , Cr , Ti , Zr ) and polycarboxylate linkers, were evaluated under the typical conditions of seasonal energy-storage devices. The results showed that the microporous hydrophilic Al-dicarboxylate MIL-160(Al) exhibited one of the best performances. To assess the properties of this material for space-heating applications on a laboratory pilot scale with an open reactor, a new synthetic route involving safer, greener conditions was developed. This led to the production of MIL-160(Al) on a 400 g scale, before the material was shaped into pellets through a wet-granulation method. The material exhibited a very high energy-storage capacity for a physical-sorption material (343 Wh kg ), which is in full agreement with the predicted value.

A series of MOFs–CaCl2 composite sorbents was developed for seasonal heat storage which combine outstanding energy capacity and cycling stability.

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