Hot hadronic matter and nuclear collisions

Hagedorn, Rolf; Rafelski, Johann

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(80)90566-3

Cited by 298 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This work began in 1977 and was in essence complete by 1980 [137,28,198], see the details presented in ref. [15].…”

Section: Constituents Of Finite Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Melting hadrons, boiling quarks

Rafelski

2015

Eur. Phys. J. A

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Abstract. In the context of the Hagedorn temperature half-centenary I describe our understanding of the hot phases of hadronic matter both below and above the Hagedorn temperature. The first part of the review addresses many frequently posed questions about properties of hadronic matter in different phases, phase transition and the exploration of quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The historical context of the discovery of QGP is shown and the role of strangeness and strange antibaryon signature of QGP illustrated. In the second part I discuss the corresponding theoretical ideas and show how experimental results can be used to describe the properties of QGP at hadronization. The material of this review is complemented by two early and unpublished reports containing the prediction of the different forms of hadron matter, and of the formation of QGP in relativistic heavy ion collisions, including the discussion of strangeness, and in particular strange antibaryon signature of QGP.

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“…This work began in 1977 and was in essence complete by 1980 [137,28,198], see the details presented in ref. [15].…”

Section: Constituents Of Finite Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Melting hadrons, boiling quarks

Rafelski

2015

Eur. Phys. J. A

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“…As more hadronic species are included, it is not at all guaranteed that the standard assumption behind hadron resonance models, that is, that the interacting hadronic system can be described by a free gas of the original hadrons and their resonances, is applicable. In general, the inclusion of resonances represents the contribution from the attractive channels while repulsive interactions can be modeled using simple excluded volume corrections to the thermodynamics [38][39][40]. (7) to infinity, while the dashed blue curves were computed imposing an upper mass cutoff of 1.9 GeV.…”

Section: Hadron Mass Spectrum and The Hadron Resonance Gas Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hadron mass spectrum and the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of hot hadronic matter

2012

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2012Hadron mass spectrum and the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of hot hadronic matter PHYSICAL REVIEW C, COLLEGE PK, v. 86, pp. 751-766, AUG 27, 2012 Lattice calculations of the QCD trace anomaly at temperatures T < 160 MeV have been shown to match hadron resonance gas model calculations, which include an exponentially rising hadron mass spectrum. In this paper we perform a more detailed comparison of the model calculations to lattice data that confirms the need for an exponentially increasing density of hadronic states. Also, we find that the lattice data is compatible with a hadron density of states that goes as ρ(m) ∼ m −a exp(m/T H ) at large m with a > 5/2 (where T H ∼ 167 MeV). With this specific subleading contribution to the density of states, heavy resonances are most likely to undergo two-body decay (instead of multiparticle decay), which facilitates their inclusion into hadron transport codes. Moreover, estimates for the shear viscosity and the shear relaxation time coefficient of the hadron resonance model computed within the excluded volume approximation suggest that these transport coefficients are sensitive to the parameters that define the hadron mass spectrum.

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“…Since we expect the hadronic contribution to disappear, at least at some point above T c , we included effects of finitevolume particles to effectively suppresses the hadronic degrees of freedom, when deconfinement is achieved. Including these effects in a thermodynamic model for hadronic matter, was proposed some time ago [35,36,37,38]. We will use an ansatz similar to that in [39,40], but modify it to also treat the point like quark degrees of freedom consistently.…”

Section: The Qh Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The problem of repulsive quark interactions – Lattice versus mean field models

Steinheimer

Schramm

2011

Physics Letters B

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We calculate the 2nd and 4th order quark number susceptibilities at zero baryochemical potential, using a PNJL approach and an approach which includes, in a single model, quark and hadronic degrees of freedom. We observe that the susceptibilities are very sensitive to possible quark-quark vector interactions. Compared to lattice data our results suggest that above T c any mean field type of repulsive vector interaction can be excluded from model calculations. Below T c our results show only very weak sensitivity on the strength of the quark and hadronic vector interaction. The best description of lattice data around T c is obtained for a case of coexistence of hadronic and quark degrees of freedom .Many recent experimental programs in heavy ion physics, e.g. at the relativistic heavy ion collider and the planned FAIR facility, are aimed at a better understanding of bulk properties of QCD matter. In particular the experimental confirmation of the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions as well as the search for the critical end point (CeP) are of great interest to the community. Lattice results at µ B = 0 suggest that both phase transitions exhibit a smooth crossover. Suffering from the so called sign problem at finite baryo chemical potential, lattice studies have so far not been able to constitute a consistent picture of the phase diagram and the existence of the CeP [1,2]. While a Taylor expansion of lattice results at µ b = 0 predict the existence of a critical end point these results may strongly depend on the order to which the Taylor coefficients can be evaluated [3]. Lattice calculations at imaginary chemical potential on the other hand show no indication for a CeP, though these calculations are done on on a coarse lattice with a fermion action that is known to have large discretization errors. Other studies trying to locate the CeP often rely on the applicability of various effective models where CeP's existence and location seems very sensitive on the vector coupling strength at and below T c [4]. The PNJL modelThe PNJL model was introduced in [5,6] as an effective chiral quasi-quark model that incorporates a mean field like coupling to a color background field. It has often been shown to reproduce many general features of lattice results at µ B = 0 [7,

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Hot hadronic matter and nuclear collisions

Cited by 298 publications

References 3 publications

Melting hadrons, boiling quarks

Melting hadrons, boiling quarks

Hadron mass spectrum and the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of hot hadronic matter

The problem of repulsive quark interactions – Lattice versus mean field models

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