Hot Electron Chemistry

Abstract

Zusammenfassung ResumeSome features of the present position on theories of the chemical efifects of nuclear transformation are briefly reviewed. It is suggested that theories based on the transfer of energy by elastic coUisions of reooiling atoma are not adequate to explain many of the experimental observations. Instead it is shown that electronic excitation, the transfer of energy between electrons, and the consequent loss of valency bonding or its rearrangement, are likely to be of primary importance for explaining these efifects.Einige Aspekte der derzeitigen Theorien über die chemischen Wirkungen von Kernumwandlungen werden kurz referiert. Energieübertragung durch elastische Stöße von Rückstoßatomen scheint viele Beobachtungen nicht angemessen zu erklären. Es wird gezeigt, daß dagegen Elektronenanregung und -energieaustausch mit nachfolgendem Verlust von Bindungen bzw. deren Umordnung wahrscheinlich zur Erklärung dieser Effekte sehr wichtig sind.Nous resumons quelques aspects des theories courantes concemant les effets chimiques des transformations nucl^aires. Les theories de transfert d'6nergie par coUisions 61astiques des atomes de recul semblent etre incapables de fournir une explication pour de nombreuses exp^riences. Par contre l'excitation 61ectronique, le transfert d'energie entre les electrons et, par consequent, la rupture ou le rearrangement des liaisons, sont probablement d'une importance primaire pour l'explication de ces effets.

Recoil Thermal Annealing in Bromates

“…of recoil kinetic energy in a small volume of the lattice, the above discussion suggests that electronic excitation and ionisation of the recoil species long after it has lost its kinetic energy will be the dominant factor in determining the fate of the recoil. This model bears some resemblance to WALTON'S theory [15] of hot-electron chemistry, where it was suggested that the efficiency of the initial bond-rupturing process induced by the nuclear transformation might be dependent on the ability of the parent ion or molecule to dissipate electronic excitation energy by coupling-in to nondissociative lattice vibrations. However we are proposing that such processes take place after the initial bond rupture has occurred through mechanical recoil.…”

Reactions of iodine activated by the neutron capture process in liquid and solid alkanes and alkenes

“…C (4digits) C Third and following cards-channel numbers to be integrated C over, (two 4 digit fields) C C C All branch statements providing for the entrance of data C calls for the data to be entered on the typewriter. Continue 345 Go to (7,8,9,12,14,17) For the purpose of this derivation it was assumed that equation 4_…”

Chemically significant details of some nuclear reactions

“…A second point, of probably greater significance, is whether the processes occurring during the recoil event are dominated simply by the kinetic energy of the recoil, or whether electronic excitation and ionization of the recoiling species will play a significant role. 6 At the recoil kinetic energies available in ( , ) reactions, ionization will not occur through the autoionization process. However, internal conversion of rays in the cascade will result in very extensive ionization of the recoiling atom through the Auger charging process.…”