The legacy of problems associated with Latin American development policy in the postwar era necessitates the asking of some fundamental questions about the future of development in that region. Economic growth rates have been insufficient, and the employment and distributional problems have been worsening. This situation is in large measure attributable to specific policies pursued by Latin American governments, especially the array of policies included under the rubric of “import-substituting industrialization.” Such policies are critically analyzed as a prelude to the discussion of a suggested reorientation of Latin American development policy. The goal of such a redirected, poverty-oriented development policy is the creation of “livable” (if not “developed”) societies. The effort to fashion development policies aiming at “livability” entails, at the most general level, distributional and short-run emphases. But it also involves the need for major innovations in such diverse areas as technological, agricultural, regional, and educational development. Reorientations of international development lending would also be required. The economic problems of the livability approach are formidable, but recent findings indicate that poverty-oriented development strategies may be economically viable. The political problems are equally if not more formidable, and it is likely that their confrontation will involve new ways of thinking about “political development” and about the relationship of political regime types to economic development.
The kinetics of the addition of iodine to 1-pentene, cis-and zrazzj-2-pentenes, 2-methyl-l-butene, and 2methyl-2-butene have been studied using mI-labeled iodine. The data support the view that the stereospecific addition is the result of an attack of an iodine atom or molecule on a charge-transfer complex between the olefin and the corresponding iodine molecule or atom. For 1 -pentene at 25°it was found that the charge-transfer equilibrium constant K0 is 1.0 X 10~' mol""11. The rate constant, k\, for the reaction of the iodine atom or molecule with the complex was found to be 2.38 X lCh1 min-1 mol_1/2 IN*. It was also found that the vicinal diiodides, the products of the addition, were reasonably stable in the dark, if care was taken to remove all excess iodine. umrell, et al.f and Skell and Pavlis8 have reported that, contrary to information commonly found in the literature,4-7 iodine readily adds to 1-pentene and(1) This research was supported through an Atomic Energy Commission Contract, No. AT(11-1J-1617. This is ABC Document COO-1617-23.
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