Host response and peri-implantitis

Abstract

Considering the absence of predictable and effective therapeutic interventions for the treatment of peri-implantitis, scientific evidence concerning the host response profile around dental implants could be important for providing in the future a wider preventive and/or therapeutic window for this peri-implant lesion, indicating biomarkers that provide quantifiable measure of response to peri-implant therapy. Moreover, a better knowledge of pattern of host osteo-immunoinflammatory modulation in the presence of peri-implantitis could either benefit the early diagnostic of the disease or to cooperate to prognostic information related to the status of the peri-implant breakdown. Finally, new evidences concerning the host profile of modulators of inflammation and of osseous tissue metabolism around dental implants could explain the individual susceptibility for developing peri-implant lesions, identifying individuals or sites with increased risk for peri-implantitis. The focus of this chapter was, based on a systematically searched and critically reviewed literature, summarizing the existing knowledge in the scientific research concerning the host osteo-immunoinflammatory response to the microbiological challenge related to periimplantitis.

Current Concepts on the Pathogenesis of Peri-implantitis: A Narrative Review

“… 80 However, the exact role of titanium metal particles has yet to be elucidated, and there is not adequate evidence for their involvement in peri-implantitis pathogenesis. 11 81 …”

The Impact of Peri-Implantitis on Systemic Diseases and Conditions: A Review of the Literature

“…Many studies have examined the role of cytokines in patients with periodontitis [41][42][43]. Similarly, a recent review suggests that many inflammatory markers can be measured to diagnose peri-implant health and disease [44]. Indeed, the patterns of host osteo-immunoinflammatory modulation in patients with peri-implantitis involve specific biomarkers (including IL-1, IL-8, IL-10, and MMP-8) and could be helpful in the early diagnostic of the disease or to cooperate to prognostic information related to the status of the peri-implant breakdown.…”

Should Quality of Glycemic Control Guide Dental Implant Therapy in Patients with Diabetes? Focus on: Peri-Implant Diseases

“…Altered host response combined with environment inducive to excessive bacterial-plaque accumulation due to hyperglycemia is likely to contribute to more pronounced progression of peri-implant disease in patients with diabetes than metabolically healthy individuals. 7,8 The underlying molecular mechanisms leading to impaired bone metabolism and poor osseointegration of implants together with the intricate signaling cascade influenced by hyperglycemia have been comprehensively discussed elsewhere. 5,9 Given that there is lack of predictable therapies for management of peri-implant diseases in general, understanding host response at the bone to dental implant interface could provide important indicators or biomarkers for early diagnosis and design of tailored-therapies in management of metabolically compromised patients.…”

“…10 Furthermore, evidence of inflammatory response modulators may help to identify patients with diabetes at increased risk of developing peri-implant disease. 7 Several lines of evidence indicate specific cytokine levels (eg IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-ɑ) in peri-implant crevicular fluid of patients with peri-implantitis compared to that of healthy patients markedly influence the host response leading to bone loss. 7,11,12 In particular, in patients with poor glycemic control, high expression of IL-8 and TNF-ɑ has been detected in peri-implantitis sites compared to well-controlled diabetes patient and healthy individuals.…”

“…7 Several lines of evidence indicate specific cytokine levels (eg IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-ɑ) in peri-implant crevicular fluid of patients with peri-implantitis compared to that of healthy patients markedly influence the host response leading to bone loss. 7,11,12 In particular, in patients with poor glycemic control, high expression of IL-8 and TNF-ɑ has been detected in peri-implantitis sites compared to well-controlled diabetes patient and healthy individuals. 13 In addition to the potential inflammatory mediators of peri-implantitis, in patients with peri-implantitis high levels of the matrix metalloproteinase collagenase MMP-8 has been detected in active periimplantitis with progressive bone loss 14 and considered an early indicator of peri-implant inflammation.…”