Host range, severity and trans boundary transmission of Orf virus (ORFV)

Abu Ghazaleh, Robin; Al-Sawalhe, Mohammed; Abu Odeh, Insaf; El Ibrahim, Jehad; Al-Turman, Basem; Makhamreh, Jamil

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105448

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Contagious ecthyma ( orf ) is a contagious, epitheliotropic zoonotic disease caused by orf virus (ORFV), which causes pustules on the skin, lips, nose, and oral mucosa of sheep and goats (Bergqvist et al 2017 ; Haig and Mercer 1998 ; Lawan et al 2021 ; Tobler et al 2022 ). ORFV, likes Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), is a double-stranded DNA virus capable of causing recurrent infections (Abu Ghazaleh et al 2023 ; Farooq and Shukla 2012 ; Zhu and Viejo-Borbolla 2021 ). Studies have shown that antibodies have little protection against ORFV, so it is important to study exactly which types of cells play a role in resisting reinfection (Bergqvist et al 2017 ; Haig and McInnes 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and application of fluorescent monoclonal antibodies recognizing goat CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

Wang,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells participating in a variety of diseases including mycoplasmal pneumonia, contagious ecthyma, and so on. The role of Tregs in goat contagious ecthyma is not completely understood due to the lack of species-specific antibodies. Here, we developed a combination of CD4 and CD25 fluorescence monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to recognize goat Tregs and assessed its utility in flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining. Using immunofluorescence staining, we found that the frequency of Treg cells was positively correlated with the viral load during orf virus infection. These antibodies could serve as important tools to monitor Tregs during orf virus infection in goats. Key points • A combination of fluorescent mAbs (C11 and D12) was prepared for the detection of goat Tregs. • C11 and D12 are effective in flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and C11 has excellent species specificity. • The frequency of Treg cells was positively correlated with the viral load during orf virus infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and application of fluorescent monoclonal antibodies recognizing goat CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

Wang,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Orf virus (ORFV) belongs to the genus Parapoxvirus (Poxviridae family), and it is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma [ 1 ]. To date, the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV, 2022) has included four established species of enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses in this genus, which affect domestic and wild small ruminants: ORFV, endemic in most sheep and goat-raising countries; Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), mainly found in cattle with manifestation on muzzle and teats, respectively; and the Red deerpox virus (RDPV), which causes relevant infections in cervids [ 2 ]. Additionally, parapoxviruses have been reported to affect camels [ 3 ], reindeer, and muskox [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Evolutionary History of Orf Virus in Sheep and Goats Revealed by Whole Genomes Data

Coradduzza,

Scarpa,

Rocchigiani

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Orf virus (ORFV) belongs to the genus Parapoxvirus (Poxviridae family). It is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma (CE) that is an economically detrimental disease affecting small ruminants globally. Contagious ecthyma outbreaks are usually reported in intensive breeding of sheep and goats but they have also been reported in wildlife species. Notably, ORFV can infect humans, leading to a zoonotic disease. This study aims to elucidate the global evolutionary history of ORFV genomes in sheep and goats, including the first genomes from Central America in the analyses. In comparison to the last study on ORFV whole genomes, the database now includes 11 more sheep and goat genomes, representing an increase of 42%. The analysis of such a broader database made it possible to obtain a fine molecular dating of the coalescent time for ORFV S and G genomes, further highlighting the genetic structuring between sheep and goat genomes and corroborating their emergence in the latter half of 20th century.

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