Host Impairments in Patients with Neoplastic Diseases

Donnelly, J. Peter; Blijlevens, Nicole M. A.; Velden, Walter J.F.M. van der

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04220-6_1

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…Infections are a significant cause of morbidity and treatment-related complications among patients with cancer and may develop as a consequence of neutropenia from aggressive chemotherapeutic regimens, exposure to invasive procedures or medical devices, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), malnutrition, and/or effects of the malignancy itself on immune function. 23,24 The exceptionally high SMR for infectious disease mortality associated with NHL in our analyses is undoubtedly a reflection of its relation with HIV infection, particularly given the period spanned by our study. However, even when patients with NHL were excluded, the SMRs remained significantly elevated among all other AYAs with cancer combined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Noncancer mortality among adolescents and young adults with cancer

Anderson

Lund

Weaver

et al. 2019

Cancer

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Background Relative to the general population, cancer patients and survivors may have an elevated risk of mortality from noncancer causes, such as cardiovascular disease and infections, but few studies have examined rates of noncancer mortality among patients diagnosed as adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (ages 15‐39 years). Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify AYA patients who were diagnosed with a first malignant cancer between 1973 and 2015. Rates of mortality from noncancer causes among AYAs with cancer were compared with those in the general US population using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), adjusted for age, sex, race, and calendar year. Results Among 235,541 AYAs with cancer, a total of 12,948 deaths from noncancer causes occurred over 3.1 million total person‐years of follow‐up. Overall, noncancer mortality was significantly increased among AYAs with cancer relative to the general population (SMR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.80‐1.87). SMRs were particularly elevated for infectious diseases (SMR, 5.13; 95% CI, 4.95‐5.32), cardiovascular disease (SMR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.50‐1.60), and renal diseases (SMR, 2.40; 95% CI, 2.12‐2.71). These associations persisted for more than 20 years after cancer diagnosis. Cancer types associated with the highest SMRs for all noncancer mortality included leukemias (SMR, 5.26), Hodgkin lymphoma (SMR, 3.12), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (SMR, 6.33), central nervous system tumors (SMR, 3.38), head and neck cancers (SMR, 2.09), and cervical/uterine cancers (SMR, 2.03). Conclusions AYAs with cancer have an elevated burden of mortality from noncancer causes that persists many years after cancer diagnosis, highlighting the importance of comprehensive, long‐term follow‐up care for noncancer conditions throughout survivorship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Noncancer mortality among adolescents and young adults with cancer

Anderson

Lund

Weaver

et al. 2019

Cancer

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“…Herein, we found that the risk of dying from infections in cancer patients was three times higher than that of the cancer-free population. Previous studies have interpreted the high morbidity and mortality of infections as a consequence of the immunosuppression induced by effects of malignancy itself and many systematic cancer therapies, including chemotherapeutic regimens, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), invasive procedures or medical devices and malnutrition [7,22,23]. For instance, chemotherapy is frequently recommended by clinicians to treat cancer patients because of its proved therapeutic effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Infections Among Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Study in the United States

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2021

Infect Dis Ther

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Introduction: Cancer patients are prone to infections, but the mortality of fatal infections remains unclear. Understanding the patterns of fatal infections in patients with cancer is imperative. In this study, we report the characteristics, incidence, and predictive risk factors of fatal infections among a populationbased cancer cohort. Methods: A total of 8,471,051 patients diagnosed with cancer between 1975 and 2016 were retrospectively identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The primary outcome was dying from fatal infections. Mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) adjusted for age, sex, race, and calendar year were calculated to characterize the relative risks of dying from fatal infections and to compare with the general population. Furthermore, cumulative mortality rates and the Cox regression models were applied to identify predictive risk factors of fatal infections. Results: In cancer patients, the mortality rate of fatal infections was 260.1/100,000 personyears, nearly three times that of the general population [SMR, 2.92; 95% (confidence interval) CI 2.91-2.94]. Notably, a decreasing trend in mortality rate of fatal infections was observed in recent decades. SMRs of fatal infections were highest in Kaposi sarcoma (SMR, 162.2; 95% CI 159.4-165.1), liver cancer (SMR, 30.9; 95% CI 30.0-31.8), acute lymphocytic leukemia (SMR, 19.1; 95% CI 17.0-21.4), and acute myeloid leukemia (SMR, 13.3; 95% CI 12.4-14.3). Patients aged between 20 and 39 years old exhibited a higher cumulative mortality rate in the first few years after cancer diagnosis, whereas the cumulative mortality rate of those Yongqiang Zheng, Ying Chen and Kaixu Yu are co-first authors.

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“…Patients with CRC has a particularly increased mortality rate from infectious diseases. As a predominant cause of death among patients with cancer, fatal infections have been interpreted to be a consequence of the immunosuppression induced by the malignancy itself and by various modern cancer therapies, including chemotherapeutic regimens, invasive procedures, or medical devices and malnutrition [ 44 – 46 ]. Neutropenia-related infection has been shown to be a common side effect of chemotherapy and can result in sepsis [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%