Host factors that shape the bacterial community structure on scalp hair shaft

Abstract

In this study, we performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis of scalp hair shaft from 109 volunteers, who were surveyed using a questionnaire about daily scalp hair care, and employed multiple statistical analyses to elucidate the factors that contribute to the formation of bacterial community structures on scalp hair shaft. Scalp hair microbiota were found to be specific for each individual. Their microbiota were clearly divided into two clusters. Genus level richness of Pseudomonas (Ps) and Cutibacterium (Cu) contributed to the clusters. The clusters around Pseudomonas and Cutibacterium were named Ps-type and Cu-type, respectively. The host gender influenced the bacterial cell numbers of the major genera that included Cutibacterium, Lawsonella, Moraxella, and Staphylococcus on scalp hair shaft. In addition to host intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors such as hair styling and colouring affected the bacterial cell numbers of the major genera. These factors and chemical treatments, such as bleaching and perming, also affected the Ps-type to Cu-type ratios. These results suggest that bacterial community structures on scalp hair shaft are influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

Morphogenesis, Growth Cycle and Molecular Regulation of Hair Follicles

“…The HS is the part exposed to the skin and is composed of keratinocytes. From inside to outside, the layers of the shaft are the medulla, cortex, and hair cuticle ( Watanabe et al, 2021 ). The IRS consists of the IRS cuticle, Huxley’s layer, Henle’s layer, and companion layer from inside to outside ( Watanabe et al, 2021 ).…”

“…From inside to outside, the layers of the shaft are the medulla, cortex, and hair cuticle ( Watanabe et al, 2021 ). The IRS consists of the IRS cuticle, Huxley’s layer, Henle’s layer, and companion layer from inside to outside ( Watanabe et al, 2021 ). The ORS is produced by the Malpighian layer of epidermis ( Nilforoushzadeh et al, 2020 ).…”

Scalp microbiome of healthy women wearing hijab compared to those not wearing hijab: a cross-sectional study

“…Multiple factors influence the skin microbiome, some of them are still unknown 1 . Gender, age, hair treatment, lifestyle, and geographical regions are several factors that are thought to influence the scalp microbiome 2 , 3 .…”

Antibiotic‐producing Micrococcales govern the microbiome that inhabits the fur of two‐ and three‐toed sloths

“…For its part, the hair microbiota in humans has been shown to have a composition similar to that of skin samples (Polak‐Witka et al ., 2020; Saxena et al ., 2021). The most abundant genera found in hair follicles correspond to Cutibacterium acnes (previously known as Propionibacterium acnes ), Staphylococcus sp., Corynebacterium , Streptococcus , Acinetobacter , Prevotella and Malassezia (Polak‐Witka et al ., 2020; Lousada et al ., 2021; Watanabe et al ., 2021); however, it is important to mention that this microbiota is influenced by multiple factors including demography, use of cosmetics products or oils and genetics (Brinkac et al ., 2018).…”