Hospitalization of Jewish and Bedouin infants in Southern Israel for bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus

Dagan, Ron; Landau, Daniella; Haikin, Hava; Tal, Asher

doi:10.1097/00006454-199305000-00006

Cited by 54 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Another study also showed that cough (100%) and wheezing (80%) were the major clinical symptoms associated with RSV bronchiolitis in children [Dagan et al, 1993]. In our study the main clinical characteristics of the infected children were also cough (83%) and wheezing (79%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of respiratory tract infection in both infants and young children [Arens et al, 1986;Dowell et al, 1996;Levy and Graber, 1997]. Worldwide this virus causes widespread outbreaks of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and children [Joseph et al, 1990;Law and Carvalho, 1993;Adcock et al, 1997;Meqdam et al, 1997], trachiobronchiolitis, and upper respiratory tract infection in older children and adult [Dowell et al, 1996;Jamoom et al, 1993;Dagan et al, 1993;Selwyn 1990].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced detection of respiratory syncytial virus by shell vial in children hospitalised with respiratory illnesses in Northern Jordan

Meqdam

Nasrallah

2000

J. Med. Virol.

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During the period between November 1997 and May 1998, a total of 350 nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from children admitted to the Respiratory Disease Unit at Princess Rahma Hospital, northern Jordan, and diagnosed clinically as suffering from respiratory tract infections. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were investigated for the presence of respiratory syncycial virus (RSV) by using shell vial (SV) culture assay, conventional culture assay, and direct immunofluorescence assay. Out of 350 nasopharyngeal aspirates, 101(28.9%) were found positive by any of SV, conventional culture, and immunofluorescence; 91 (90.1%) by SV, 87(86.1%) by culture, and 83(82.2%) by immunofluorescence. The maximum number of virus isolations was noted in children below the age of 1 year and was associated with bronchiolitis. SV assay showed the highest sensitivity (94.3%) and specificity (96.9%) for detecting RSV from nasopharyngeal aspirates. These results emphasise the importance of SV culture assay for diagnosis of RSV, although immunofluorescence is a valuable, rapid diagnostic assay.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced detection of respiratory syncytial virus by shell vial in children hospitalised with respiratory illnesses in Northern Jordan

Meqdam

Nasrallah

2000

J. Med. Virol.

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“…Interestingly, 5 % of the infants hospitalized in that study belonged to the gypsy ethnic group, a proportion higher than that in our population, which, lacking official statistics, we estimate is lower than 1 % [16]. This finding is probably related to the lower socio-economic status of these families and presents similarities with the situation found in some minority ethnic groups, among which the incidence rates of hospitalization due to RSV infections or bronchiolitis were higher than those among the general paediatric population [17,18].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Risk factors for hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants in the Basque Country, Spain

et al. 2005

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SUMMARYThis study analysed the role of several risk factors for hospitalization due to communityacquired, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The risk factors detected in infants hospitalized for RSV infection in the first 24 months of life were compared with those in the general infant population in our region. There were 361 episodes of hospitalization in 357 infants. Eighty per cent of the infants did not present underlying conditions for severe RSV infection and only 10 (3 %) were candidates for palivizumab prophylaxis. In multivariate analysis, birthweight of <2500 g was independently associated with hospitalization for RSV infection and was the most commonly detected medical risk factor. Other risk factors were maternal age at delivery <25 years, birth in the second half of the year, prematurity, suburban residence and congenital heart disease. In conclusion, together with well-known risk factors, we found that low birthweight was an independent factor for severe RSV infection.

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“…The two pediatric populations also differ in disease patterns and rates. Hospitalization rates for respiratory and other infectious diseases are higher among Bedouin infants, and the seasonal patterns of disease differ between the two groups (11,19). The infectious agents responsible for these clinical manifestations are also distributed differently (14,26).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Importance of Nasopharyngeal versus Oropharyngeal Sampling for Isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from Healthy and Sick Individuals Varies with Age

Greenberg¹,

Broides

Blancovich³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae carriage is a useful index for measuring the emergence of resistance and outcome in vaccination trials. We performed a study to determine which sampling site, nasopharynx (NP) or oropharynx (OP), yields the highest rate of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae isolation at different ages. Both NP and OP cultures were obtained from 216 children aged <60 months and their mothers. The total S. pneumoniae carriage rate was 68% among children and 15% among mothers (P < 0.001). Using NP alone for the isolation of S. pneumoniae would have missed 2, 2, and 42% and using OP alone would have missed 77, 66, and 45% of S. pneumoniae in children aged 0 to 23 months, 24 to 59 months, and mothers, respectively. Using NP cultures alone for H. influenzae would have missed 23, 24, and 81% of the isolates, respectively. The respective figures for H. influenzae isolation from OP alone are 38, 29, and 9%. In children, S. pneumoniae was carried mainly in the NP while H. influenzae was equally carried in the NP and OP. In mothers, S. pneumoniae was carried equally in the NP and OP while H. influenzae was carried significantly more often in the OP. In children, H. influenzae colonization increased during illness, mainly in the NP. Culturing only one site significantly reduced the recovery of H. influenzae at all ages. NP cultures for S. pneumoniae detected close to 100% of isolates in children but only 58% of isolates in mothers.Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are important bacterial pathogens causing infections in young children and in elderly patients (1,22,23). Both organisms commonly colonize the mucosal membrane of the nasopharynx and throat of healthy children, and most children are colonized at some point during the first 2 years of life (10, 15). Information on the nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) carriage rate of both organisms is crucial to understanding disease epidemiology, since these organisms can spread from colonized sites to adjacent mucosal tissues to cause mucosal infections or, in the case of S. pneumoniae, invade the bloodstream to cause bacteremia and meningitis. In addition to carriage in the upper respiratory tract, the organism can spread from person to person (16,17,24). Furthermore, studying the organisms carried in the upper respiratory tract provides useful information on the emergence of resistance in clinical isolates (18,27). It is also important to evaluate the mucosal carriage of the organisms in vaccine trials as an index of potential herd protection.Nasopharyngeal sampling is considered superior to OP sampling for detecting S. pneumoniae, especially in young children (25), but there are other contradictory results showing that in adults OP sampling yields higher isolation rates (4, 16). Only a few carriage studies have directly compared different sampling methods for the detection of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae (4, 6, 25; R. Dagan, O. Zamir, M. Sikuler-Cohen, P. Yagupsky, P. Peeters, and M. Hohenboken, Abstr. 41st Intersc...

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Hospitalization of Jewish and Bedouin infants in Southern Israel for bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Enhanced detection of respiratory syncytial virus by shell vial in children hospitalised with respiratory illnesses in Northern Jordan

Enhanced detection of respiratory syncytial virus by shell vial in children hospitalised with respiratory illnesses in Northern Jordan

Risk factors for hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants in the Basque Country, Spain

Relative Importance of Nasopharyngeal versus Oropharyngeal Sampling for Isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from Healthy and Sick Individuals Varies with Age

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