Hospitalization and Socio-Health Care for Dementia in Spain

Abstract

Dementias are brain diseases that affect long-term cognitive and behavioral functions and cause a decrease in the ability to think and remember that is severe enough to disturb daily functioning. In Spain, the number of people suffering from dementia is rising due to population ageing. Reducing admissions, many of them avoidable, would be advantageous for patients and care-providers. Understanding the correlation of admission of people with dementia and its trends in hospitalization would help us to understand the factors leading to admission. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the hospital discharge database of Castilla y León from 2005 to 2015, selecting hospitalizations for dementia. Trends in hospitalizations by year and age quartiles were studied by joinpoint regression analysis. 2807 out of 2,717,192 total hospitalizations (0.10%) were due to dementias; the main groups were degenerative dementia (1907) followed by vascular dementia (607). Dementias are not a major cause of hospitalization, but the average stay and cost are high, and many of them seem avoidable. Decreasing trends were detected in hospitalization rates for all dementias except for the group of mild cognitive impairment, which grew. An increasing–decreasing joinpoint detected in 2007 for vascular dementia and the general downward hospitalization trends for most dementias suggest that socio-health measures established since 2007 in Spain might play a key role in reducing hospitalizations.

Temporal Trends in Notification and Mortality of Tuberculosis in China, 2004–2019: A Joinpoint and Age–Period–Cohort Analysis

“…Data in this article were analyzed in Joinpoint regression software (version 4.8.0.1, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA), developed by the National Cancer Institute [ 17 ]. The grid search method (GSM) was the default modeling method, and the Monte Carlo permutation test was the default optimization method of the model.…”

“…The RRs of these two age groups were nearly the same (RR = 2.0). From a wider perspective, young adults (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) and the elderly (50-84) were TB notification risk populations in mainland China. Unlike the bimodal distribution of the TB notification risk, the TB mortality risk increased monotonically with age and sharply increased from the age of 50.…”

The spatiotemporal trend of human brucellosis in China and driving factors using interpretability analysis

“…The variation in temporal trends was described by analyzing the annual percent change (APC), the average annual percent change (AAPC), and the 95% con dence interval using a join point regression model 36 . The joint point regression analysis in this study was conducted using the Joint Point Regression Program (version 5.0.2), which was developed by the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, MD, USA 37 .…”