Hospital preparedness and response in CBRN emergencies: TIER assessment tool

Abstract

We also analyzed the characteristics of super-spreaders, factors associated with mortality, and hospital response to infection. Results: The first mortality by MERS-CoV in Korea was infected by the first super-spreader in Korea. The lessons after the outbreak were as follows:-A higher index of alerting system to find the source-patient earlier.-Appropriate numbers of Airborne Infection Isolation Rooms (AIIRs) should be constructed and maintained.-Proper training on putting on and take off of Personal Protective Equipment.-Well-trained health care workers to care for patients infected with highly contagious pathogens must be fostered.-Crowded and narrow hospital rooms should be converted to visitor controlled, larger-spaced hospital rooms. Conclusion: Multiple potential factors were associated with the super-spreading events: misdiagnosis, delayed hospital admission, inter-hospital transfers without accurate information , and also behaviors such as ignoring instructions regarding infection control, and poor environmental conditions. Institutional and health care systems' preparedness is required to prevent such outbreaks.

Hospital management preparedness tools in biological events: A scoping review

“…Communication is considered as one of the main challenges in disasters, especially in biological events,[16] and these events are capable to create many psychological and physical problems for the general public as well as the medical staff exposed to the disease. [12] No hospital or therapeutic system can manage to cure the diseases caused by biological events without the participation of organizations involved in these incidents and public participation.…”

“…Mortality and injury rates are largely influenced by the provision of effective medical services including general supportive care and the use of antibiotics, antidotes, isolation, decontamination, vaccination, and triage. [16] Martinese et al . (2009) and Dewar et al .…”

“…[2] Meanwhile, hospitals are the most important sections for the treatment, monitoring, and supervision of biological disasters, and their preparedness is an essential component for early diagnosis and management of these incidents,[1215] and they also require special preparation, resource availability, and special skills and ability to efficiently respond to such incidents. [16] Hospitals will face numerous challenges confronting massive influx of patients suffering from bioterrorism disasters and emerging infectious diseases that may be contagious as well. [817] Numerous international studies have reported similar outcomes regarding the lack of preparedness of hospitals in facing biological disasters, such as weakness in planning and organizing,[51018192021] communication,[71122] surge capacity,[58182123] resources,[482022] training and education,[610192021222324] infrastructure,[525] medical management,[7122225] supervision,[371822] and safety and security.…”

“…Various instruments have been developed to assess the preparedness of hospitals for emergencies and disasters, which are usually in the form of risk-based checklists, and often cannot assess the performance indicators of preparedness and response in biological disasters,[16] which may be due to unique features of the outbreak of diseases (disease dormancy periods, gradual development of symptoms, the need for monitoring systems to observe disease development and mortality, diagnosis and identification challenges, specific medicines, special protective equipment, isolation, etc.). [29] Having access to accurate information about the current status of hospital preparedness can act as a basis for systematic planning and broader discussion about relative costs, effectiveness and efficiency, environmental impacts, and overall community priorities.…”

Harmonising the Training of Students Within the Eu to Implement Intervention Programmes to Protect the Public in the Aftermath of a Hazmat Incident

“…This is because an appropriate and specialised expertise to respond to CBRN/HazMat emergencies in human health care professionals is critical as this can have significant consequences for the morbidity and mortality of the population [5] as well as societal implications. Therefore, specific skills and capabilities are required for efficient response to these types of events as highlighted in a recent article published by Olivieri et al (2016) [6].…”