Horticultural performance of 23 Sicilian olive genotypes in hedgerow systems: Vegetative growth, productive potential and oil quality

Marino, Giulia; Macaluso, Laura; Marra, Francesco Paolo; Ferguson, Louise; Marchese, Annalisa; Campisi, Giuseppe; Volo, P.; Laudicina, Vito Armando; Caruso, Tiziano

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.01.046

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This lack of response of trunk diameter to competition between trees could be related with (i) small trunk diameter of cv. Arbequina compared with other olive cultivars (Rosati et al, 2013 ; Marino et al, 2017 ); (ii) the experimental conditions characterized by a short growing season, shallow soils and super-high density (1,000–2,500 trees ha −1 ) and (iii) distances between trees being less than in other experiments in which a wider density range (312–1,250 trees ha −1 ), also in cv. Arbequina, was shown to reduce trunk cross section from 5th year after planting (Larbi et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Arbequina is well adapted to training with a central leader for hedgerows because its oval growth (Marino et al, 2017 ) developed with more, and thinner, lateral branches and shoots with more nodes than other cultivars (Rosati et al, 2013 ). These characteristics allow the axis to be well covered with many leaves and buds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic characteristics and tree density are the main factors that can minimize this negative aspect. Cultivar Arbequina is considered an early producing cultivar (Marino et al, 2017 ), even though the first harvest here was in the 3rd season. Production in that year was small (mean 297 kg oil ha −1 ) but increased to more than 850 kg oil ha −1 in the 4th year (Table 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term Effect of Intra-Row Spacing on Growth and Productivity of Super-High Density Hedgerow Olive Orchards (cv. Arbequina)

2017

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Intra-row spacing is known to determine early productivity of super-high density olive orchards depending on growing conditions, cultivar growth characteristics, planting geometry and subsequent pruning management but few experiments have been carried out in this olive hedgerow orchard design. In 2008 an experiment of 4-m spaced hedgerows was established with 8 intra-row spacings (from 1.0 to 2.5 m) in Toledo (Spain) resulting in orchards of density ranging from 2,500 to 1,000 trees ha−1. Tree growth was evaluated as height, trunk diameter and leaf area during the first 4 years. Hedgerow porosity was calculated from the 4th until the 9th year. In the 8th year hedgerow height, width, leaf area and branch angles were measured. Olives were harvested from 3rd to 9th year for measurements of fruit characteristics and productivity. Tree growth was not affected by intra-row spacing during the first 4 years. In the 8th year leaf area, external surface area and volume per tree were significantly greater in the more spaced trees; but hedgerow characteristics of leaf area per hectare, number of effective leaf layers horizontally through the hedgerow, and leaf density were not affected. In the more spaced trees insertion angles of branches to the vertical were significantly greater, mainly in the lower canopy. Intra-row spacing did not affect fruit characteristics. Oil production ha−1 decreased linearly with spacing during the first 4 harvests while production per tree increased significantly with spacing after the 3rd harvest. As a result, oil production ha−1 from the seven harvests combined only increased for tree spacing less than 1.2 m; wider spacing had no effect. Annual oil production ha−1 increased linearly as porosity was reduced by greater tree density and canopy development along the seasons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term Effect of Intra-Row Spacing on Growth and Productivity of Super-High Density Hedgerow Olive Orchards (cv. Arbequina)

2017

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“…The adjoining orchard was a hedgerow trained high density (HD, 1000 trees/ha) 3-year-old orchard. Two genotypes ('Nocellara del Belice' and 'Olivo di Mandanici'), characterized by different vigor and productive potential [38] were monitored for their response to short term water deficit. The irrigation was supplied from June, every 7-10 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Exchanges and Stem Water Potential Define Stress Thresholds for Efficient Irrigation Management in Olive (Olea europea L.)

Marino

Caruso

Ferguson

et al. 2018

Water

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With climate change and decreased water supplies, interest in irrigation scheduling based on plant water status is increasing. Stem water potential (Ψ SWP) thresholds for irrigation scheduling in olive have been proposed, however, a physiologically-based evaluation of their reliability is needed. A large dataset collected at variable environmental conditions, growing systems, and genotypes was used to characterize the relation between Ψ SWP and gas exchanges for olive. Based on the effect of drought stress on the ecophysiological parameters monitored, we described three levels of stress: no stress (Ψ SWP above about −2 MPa), where the high variability of stomatal conductance (g s) suggests a tight stomatal control of water loss that limit Ψ SWP drop, irrigation volumes applied to overcome this threshold had no effect on assimilation but reduced intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE); moderate-stress (Ψ SWP between about −2.0 and −3.5 MPa), where iWUE can be increased without damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of leaves; and high-stress (Ψ SWP below about −3.5 MPa), where g s dropped below 150 mmol m −2 s −1 and the intercellular CO 2 concentration increased proportionally, suggesting non-stomatal limitation to photosynthesis was operative. This study confirmed that olive Ψ SWP should be maintained between −2 and −3.5 MPa for optimal irrigation efficiency and to avoid harmful water stress levels.

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“…Olive alternates high and low cropping seasons and this experiment considered only trees in an ON-year (heavy crop load). In this trial, the two Sicilian cultivars Nocellara del Belice (NB) and Olivo di Mandanici (MN) were selected for their different vigor and fruit characteristics (Marino et al, 2016(Marino et al, , 2017. Trees belonging to NB have low vigor, spreading canopy habit and yield large fruit, mainly processed as table olives, whereas MN trees show high vigor, upright canopy habit and yield smaller fruit, exclusively utilized for olive oil extraction.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cultivar-Sensitive Approach for the Continuous Monitoring of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Tree Water Status by Fruit and Leaf Sensing

et al. 2020

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Sustainable irrigation is crucial to reduce water use and management costs in modern orchard systems. Continuous plant-based sensing is an innovative approach for the continuous monitoring of plant water status. Olive (Olea europaea L.) genotypes can respond to drought using different leaf and fruit physiological and morphological mechanisms. This study aimed to identify whether fruit and leaf water dynamics of two different olive cultivars were differently affected by water deficit and their response to changes of midday stem water potential (stem), the most common indicator of plant water status. Plant water status indicators such as leaf stomatal conductance (g s) and stem were measured in the Sicilian olive cultivars Nocellara del Belice (NB) and Olivo di Mandanici (MN), in stage II and III of fruit development. Fruit gauges and leaf patch clamp pressure probes were mounted on trees and their raw data were converted in relative rates of fruit diameter change (RR fruit) and leaf pressure change (RR leaf), sensitive indicators of tissue water exchanges. The analysis of diel, diurnal and nocturnal fluctuations of RR fruit and RR leaf highlighted differences, often opposite, between the two cultivars under water deficit. A combination of statistical parameters extrapolated from RR fruit and RR leaf diurnal and nocturnal curves were successfully used to obtain significant multiple linear models for the estimation of midday stem. Fruit and leaf water exchanges suggest that olive cultivar can either privilege fruit or leaf water status, with MN likely preserving leaf water status and NB increasing fruit tissue elasticity under severe water deficit. The results highlight the advantages of the integration of fruit and leaf water dynamics to estimate plant water status and the need for genotype-specific models in olive.

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Horticultural performance of 23 Sicilian olive genotypes in hedgerow systems: Vegetative growth, productive potential and oil quality

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Long-term Effect of Intra-Row Spacing on Growth and Productivity of Super-High Density Hedgerow Olive Orchards (cv. Arbequina)

Long-term Effect of Intra-Row Spacing on Growth and Productivity of Super-High Density Hedgerow Olive Orchards (cv. Arbequina)

Gas Exchanges and Stem Water Potential Define Stress Thresholds for Efficient Irrigation Management in Olive (Olea europea L.)

A Cultivar-Sensitive Approach for the Continuous Monitoring of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Tree Water Status by Fruit and Leaf Sensing

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