Horse Allergy: Curly Horses Allow Horse Allergic Riders To Ride Again

Mitlehner, W.; Mitlehner, H. C.; Niggemann, B.

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1393396

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The results also indicated that allergen production was not related to breed or to gender . Similar studies have been performed for horses and, for example, the Bashkir horse and the American Curly horse have been suggested to be hypoallergenic . However, no breed‐specific allergens have previously been identified although variations could be seen between and within breeds .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 in dander and saliva from ten horse breeds

Victor

Binnmyr

Lampa

et al. 2019

Clin Experimental Allergy

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SummaryBackgroundHorses are an important source of allergens, but the distribution of horse allergens is poorly understood. Five horse allergens have been identified, Equ c 1‐4 and 6. Equ c 4 seems to be an important allergen, with an IgE‐binding frequency of 77% in horse‐sensitized individuals.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 in dander, saliva and urine from ten horse breeds.MethodThe study population included 170 horses (87 mares, 27 stallions, 56 geldings) from ten breeds. Horse dander, saliva and urine samples were collected. Levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 were quantified using a two‐site sandwich ELISA (mAb 103 and 14G4) and were expressed as Equ c 4 U/μg protein.ResultsThe horse allergen Equ c 4 was present in all dander and saliva samples from ten horse breeds, with high within‐breed and inter‐breed variations; GM values were 639 Equ c 4 U/μg protein (range 5‐15 264) for dander and 39.5 (4‐263) for saliva. Equ c 4 was found in 19/21 urine samples. Adjusted for age, sex and changes over time, no differences between breeds could be seen in dander, while in saliva the North Swedish horse showed lower levels of Equ c 4 than any other breed. The levels of Equ c 4 protein in dander and saliva were significantly higher in samples from stallions compared to mares and geldings, independent of breed.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe results show a high variability in allergen levels of Equ c 4 in dander and saliva both within and between breeds. Significantly higher levels were found in stallions compared to mares and geldings, independent of breed. Results suggest that none of the horse breeds studied can be recommended for individuals allergic to Equ c 4.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 in dander and saliva from ten horse breeds

Victor

Binnmyr

Lampa

et al. 2019

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…1 ). Curly horses are claimed to be hypoallergenic and some studies suggest that regular contact with these horses abolishes the mild allergic reactions of the start period of contact in most allergic riders [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A missense variant in the coil1A domain of the keratin 25 gene is associated with the dominant curly hair coat trait (Crd) in horse

et al. 2017

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BackgroundCurly horses present a variety of curl phenotypes that are associated with various degrees of curliness of coat, mane, tail and ear hairs. Their origin is still a matter of debate and several genetic hypotheses have been formulated to explain the diversity in phenotype, including the combination of autosomal dominant and recessive alleles. Our purpose was to map the autosomal dominant curly hair locus and identify the causal variant using genome-wide association study (GWAS) and whole-genome sequencing approaches.ResultsA GWAS was performed using a Bayesian sparse linear mixed model, based on 51 curly and 19 straight-haired French and North American horses from 13 paternal families genotyped on the Illumina EquineSNP50 BeadChip. A single strong signal was observed on equine chromosome 11, in a region that encompasses the type I keratin gene cluster. This region was refined by haplotype analysis to a segment including 36 genes, among which are 10 keratin genes (KRT-10, -12, -20, -23, -24, -25, -26, -27, -28, -222). To comprehensively identify candidate causal variants within all these genes, whole-genome sequences were obtained for one heterozygous curly stallion and its straight-haired son. Among the four non-synonymous candidate variants identified and validated in the curly region, only variant g.21891160G>A in the KRT25 gene (KRT25:p.R89H) was in perfect agreement with haplotype status in the whole pedigree. Genetic association was then confirmed by genotyping a larger population consisting of 353 horses. However, five discordant curly horses were observed, which carried neither the variant nor the main haplotype associated with curliness. Sequencing of KRT25 for two discordant horses did not identify any other deleterious variant, which suggests locus rather than allelic heterogeneity for the curly phenotype.ConclusionsWe identified the KRT25:p.R89H variant as responsible for the dominant curly trait, but a second dominant locus may also be involved in the shape of hairs within North American Curly horses.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12711-017-0359-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…We have observed that initial allergic reactions in horse-allergic riders were significantly reduced during the duration of the former study [2]. Thus, many of the riders tested here can easily brush and interact with Curly Horses, which includes having contact with saliva, without any allergic reactions to these horses after a period of > 10 riding and contact hours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…No further scientific work was available until 2013. In a pilot study of 10 horse allergic riders, a markedly reduced allergic reaction was observed upon contact with these horses [1], which was then confirmed in an increased number of affected riders [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a pilot study of horse allergic riders, we were able to show that contact with ABCR Curly Horses is possible without significant allergic reactions [1]. We observed that the initially mild allergic reactions to Curly Horses in horse allergic riders decreased the longer they have been in contact with these horses [2]. This is in contrast to the recommendation to avoid contact to the allergen in case of an allergy to furry animals [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Tolerance Induction of Horse Allergy by Horse Contact with Curly Horses

Mitlehner¹,

Mitlehner

2017

Pneumologie

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A horse allergic rider completed 60 riding lessons on Curly Horses within six months. This rider has become clinically tolerant to normal horse breeds within this time. This case may indicate that riding and brushing ABCR Curly Horses after 60 riding hours facilitates tolerance induction. Our data indicate that this could be a valid alternative to the common recommendation to strictly avoid horse riding.

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Horse Allergy: Curly Horses Allow Horse Allergic Riders To Ride Again

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 in dander and saliva from ten horse breeds

Levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 in dander and saliva from ten horse breeds

A missense variant in the coil1A domain of the keratin 25 gene is associated with the dominant curly hair coat trait (Crd) in horse

Tolerance Induction of Horse Allergy by Horse Contact with Curly Horses

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