Tolerance Induction of Horse Allergy by Horse Contact with Curly Horses

Mitlehner, W.; Mitlehner, H. C.

doi:10.1055/s-0043-108137

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, we cannot exclude that a hypoallergenic effect really exist for this special breed. Previous studies designed to analyze reduced symptoms in allergic riders concluded that purebred Curly Horses may be a suitable alternative for horse allergic people who want to continue riding [21,22]. Although mild allergic reactions have been initially observed in some riders, these reactions decreased the longer the subjects were in contact with Curly Horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This hypothesis is mostly based on experiences of persons allergic against horses who report no or less symptoms when riding Curly Horses. Some recent studies have shown that contact with these horses is possible without significant allergic reactions (examined by peak expiratory flow and lung function measurements in horse allergic patients) [21,22]. Moreover, regular riding and brushing of Curly Horses can induce clinical tolerance to other horse breeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower allergen levels in hypoallergenic Curly Horses? A comparison among breeds by measurements of horse allergens in hair and air samples

et al. 2018

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BackgroundExposure to horses can cause severe allergic reactions in sensitized individuals. The breed, American Bashkir Curly Horse is categorized as hypoallergenic, primarily due to reports of allergic patients experiencing fewer symptoms while handling this special breed. The possible reasons for this phenomenon could be lower allergen production and/or reduced allergen release into the air because of increased sebum content in their skin and hair compared to other breeds. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to compare different horse breeds in relation to allergen content in hair and airborne dust samples.MethodsIn total, 224 hair samples from 32 different horse breeds were investigated. Personal nasal filters were used to collect airborne dust during the grooming of 20 Curly Horses and 20 Quarter Horses. Quantitative analysis of all samples was performed using two newly developed immunoassays for the detection of horse dander (HD) antigens and the major allergen Equ c 1 and the commercial assay for Equ c 4. Results were analyzed using multiple linear regression models for hair samples and the Mann Whitney U test for airborne samples.ResultsHorse antigen and allergen levels differed up to four orders of magnitude between individual animals. Despite enormous variability, levels of HD antigen, Equ c 1 and Equ c 4 in hair were significantly related to the breed and gender combined with the castration status of male animals. Curly Horses had significantly higher concentrations of all three tested parameters compared to the majority of the investigated breeds (medians: 11800 μg/g for HD antigen, 2400 μg/g for Equ c 1, and 258 kU/g for Equ c 4). Tinker Horses, Icelandic Horses and Shetland Ponies were associated with approximately 7-fold reduced levels of HD antigen and Equ c 1, and up to 25-fold reduced levels of Equ c 4 compared to Curly Horses. Compared to mares, stallions displayed increased concentrations of HD antigens, Equ c 1 and Equ c 4 by a factor 2.2, 3.5 and 6.7, respectively. No difference was observed between mares and geldings. No differences in airborne allergen concentrations collected with personal nasal filters during grooming were found between Curly and Quarter Horses.ConclusionBreed and castration status had a significant influence on the antigen and allergen levels of horse hair. However, these differences were smaller than the wide variability observed among individual horses. Compared to other breeds, Curly Horses were not associated with lower allergen levels in hair and in air samples collected during grooming. Our approach provides no molecular explanation why Curly Horses are considered to be hypoallergenic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower allergen levels in hypoallergenic Curly Horses? A comparison among breeds by measurements of horse allergens in hair and air samples

et al. 2018

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“…In these studies, we found a loss of allergic reactivity to horses after prolonged exposure to Curly Horses. We could further show in a case report with one horse allergic patient that continuous contact with Curly Horses led to tolerance induction toward other horses [25]. After six months of intensive contact with Curly Horses (60 riding sessions), the nasal provocation test (NPT) did not induce anymore any reaction in the patient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The second part of the present study involved a group of 41 horse allergic patients willing to perform the Curly Horse tolerance induction study protocol to verify the results of the earlier case report [25] in a larger group of patients. Negative NPTs proved that regular contact with Curly Horses indeed induced immune tolerance to other horses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Horse allergy: Curly Horses can mediate immune tolerance

Mitlehner,

Reißmann

et al. 2023

Pneumologie

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American Bashkir Curly Horses are claimed to be hypoallergenic, but this has not been clinically proven. In the present study, the effect of exposure to Curly Horses was investigated in 141 patients allergic to horses by measuring their lung function and nasal patency during Curly Horse contact. Continuous contact with Curly Horses, including riding and brushing, decreased the allergic ridersʼ reactivity as measured by FEV1, PEF, and PNIF. Subsequent visits (up to 40 or more hours of riding) further reduced reactivity to the Curly Horses. Allergic events to horses occurred only in 72 out of 1312 riding hours, mainly in the first ten riding hours.In 41 out of the 141 patients, it was further investigated whether repeated exposure to Curly Horses could induce tolerance to other horses. Patients in the tolerance induction study were tested annually for horse allergy using a nasal provocation test. The tolerance induction study showed that exposure to Curly Horses induced immune tolerance to other horses in 88% of patients who completed the study.To understand the mechanism causing hypoallergenicity, we performed IgE immunoblots to determine whether Curly Horse hairs contain IgE binding proteins. However, no differences in IgE reactivity were found between Curly and non-Curly Horses. Moreover, the immune tolerance induction study patients did not show decreased IgE reactivity to hairs from Curly or non-Curly Horses even though patients had developed tolerance. However, we did find increasing levels of anti-horse IgG antibodies in the study patients.Overall, our data strongly suggests that continuous exposure to Curly Horses can induce immune tolerance, rendering these patients non-reactive to horses. The reason for the reduced clinical allergenicity of Curly Horses remains unclear, but the data suggest that blocking IgG antibodies may be of importance for immune tolerance development.

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“…Sic FET devices reported in the past, with a voltage rating around 600V showed a much higher specific onresistance than the simulated value; for examples, 1 8 d -c m z for 600V VJFET reported by Siemens [7] and 18mC-cmz for breakdown voltage 3SO-45OV reported by North Carolina State University [8].…”

Section: Sic Mos-enhanced Jfetsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Demonst.ration of silicon carbide (SiC) -based motor drive

Chang

Hanna

Radun³

IECON'03. 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37468)

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2 Abstruct-This paper describes a Sic-based motor drive technology used to achieve compact power conversion. The static and dynamic characterization of 600V SIC MOS-enhanced JFETs and Sic Schottky free-wheeling diodes (FWDs) designed and fabricated at Rockwell Scientific, are performed. The power loss and related voltage and current stress of the Sic MOSenhanced JFET and Sic Schottky FWD are measured and compared to that of a state-of-the-art silicon IGBTs and PIN FWDs with ratings equal to the SIC ratings. For the same power rating (25A, 600V). the area of the SIC die making up the inverter module are ahout 60% of a commercial 25A IGBT die. The total power loss of Sic inverter module is reduced by 52.5% compared with the Si IGBT module. Sic inverter modules are used to successfully drive lOhp motor.

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Tolerance Induction of Horse Allergy by Horse Contact with Curly Horses

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Lower allergen levels in hypoallergenic Curly Horses? A comparison among breeds by measurements of horse allergens in hair and air samples

Lower allergen levels in hypoallergenic Curly Horses? A comparison among breeds by measurements of horse allergens in hair and air samples

Horse allergy: Curly Horses can mediate immune tolerance

Demonst.ration of silicon carbide (SiC) -based motor drive

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