Hormone Receptors 5. Binding of Glucagon and Insulin to Human Circulating Mononuclear Cells in Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Preparations of human peripheral mononuclear leukocytes, containing over 85% lymphocytes, specifically bound glucagon and insulin. Binding of physiological concentrations of both hormones was seen to be substantially diminished when cells were derived from either adult-type diabetics or individuals with a unilateral genetic history of diabetes.

Glucagon and Insulin Binding to Liver Membranes in a Partially Nephrectomized Uremic Rat Model

“…Changes in insulin binding to tissue receptors have recently been implicated in the insulin resistance of obesity (7) and in diabetic patients with acanthosis nigricans (8). Only limited data are available concerning altered glucagon binding in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (9,10). The present study was consequently undertaken to determine whether increased glucagon sensitivity and insulin resistance in uremia might be mediated by alterations in the binding of these peptide hormones to their specific liver plasma membrane receptors.…”

Insulin Binding to Erythrocytes from Pregnant, Postpartum, Follicular and Luteal States

“…The insulin receptor characteristics of the human erythrocytes were shown to be similar to those of other tissue ceUs (l, 2,8,10,12,13,16,20,24). Parallel alterations of insulin receptors of cells of various body tissues and monocytes on one hand (40) and of monocytes and erythrocytes on the other hand (27,31,33,38,41,42) have led to the conclusion that erythrocytes thus can be considered äs representätive of insulin receptors on the cells of other body tissues. Furthermore, it has been proposed that insulin binding to human erythrocytes is a general measure of the insulin sensitivity of body tissues (16,20,31).…”

“…Insulin action has been studied at the cell receptor level, and the insulin binding and therefore insulin sensitivity, has been shown to be altered in a number of pathological states (2,(4)(5)(6)(7)9,12,13,16,20,27,31,(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). The insulin receptor characteristics of the human erythrocytes were shown to be similar to those of other tissue ceUs (l, 2,8,10,12,13,16,20,24).…”

Decreased Glucagon Receptors in Diabetic Rat Hepatocytes

“…A highly significant inverse correlation has been demonstrated between the circulating plasma levels of insulin (IRI) and insulin binding to specific receptors in the experimental diabetic animal (8,9), as well as in the hyperinsulinemic diabetic patient (10)(11)(12) manner, the effect of' exogenous hyperglucagonemia upon glucagon binding in normal rats was also studied.…”