Hormonal response to Taekwondo fighting simulation in elite adolescent athletes

Pilz-Burstein, R.; Ashkenazi, Yaakov Jack; Yaakobovitz, Y.; Cohen, Yaron; Zigel, Levana; Nemet, Dan; Shamash, N.; Eliakim, Alon

doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1612-6

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported physiological profiles for male taekwondo athletes during training (Bridge et al 2007), simulated competition (Bouhlel et al 2006;Butios and Tasika 2007;Pilz-Burstein et al 2010) and real competition (Bridge et al 2009;Chiodo et al 2011a) through the measurement of heart rate, hormonal response and blood lactate concentration. Reported heart rate values for simulated combat vary from 148 ± 2 bpm (Butios and Tasika 2007) to 197 ± 2 (Bouhlel et al 2006), while less variation has been observed during competition, i.e., from 176 ± 10 bpm (Chiodo et al 2011a) to 187 ± 8 bpm (Bridge et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy demands in taekwondo athletes during combat simulation

et al. 2011

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The purpose of this study was to investigate energy system contributions and energy costs in combat situations. The sample consisted of 10 male taekwondo athletes (age: 21 ± 6 years old; height: 176.2 ± 5.3 cm; body mass: 67.2 ± 8.9 kg) who compete at the national or international level. To estimate the energy contributions, and total energy cost of the fights, athletes performed a simulated competition consisting of three 2 min rounds with a 1 min recovery between each round. The combats were filmed to quantify the actual time spent fighting in each round. The contribution of the aerobic (W(AER)), anaerobic alactic (W(PCR)), and anaerobic lactic [Formula: see text] energy systems was estimated through the measurement of oxygen consumption during the activity, the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, and the change in blood lactate concentration in each round, respectively. The mean ratio of high intensity actions to moments of low intensity (steps and pauses) was ~1:7. The W(AER), W(PCR) and W([La(-)]) system contributions were estimated as 120 ± 22 kJ (66 ± 6%), 54 ± 21 kJ (30 ± 6%), 8.5 kJ (4 ± 2%), respectively. Thus, training sessions should be directed mainly to the improvement of the anaerobic alactic system (responsible by the high-intensity actions), and of the aerobic system (responsible by the recovery process between high-intensity actions).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy demands in taekwondo athletes during combat simulation

et al. 2011

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“…The hormonal response to a single exercise bout was previously determined (6,16). However, whether prolonged training changes the anabolic/catabolic response to a single practice in adolescent athletes is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training Reduces Catabolic and Inflammatory Response to a Single Practice in Female Volleyball Players

Eliakim

Portal

Zadik

et al. 2013

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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We examined the effect of training on hormonal and inflammatory response to a single volleyball practice in elite adolescent players. Thirteen female, national team level, Israeli volleyball players (age 16.0 ± 1.4 years, Tanner stage 4-5) participated in the study. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after a typical 60 minutes of volleyball practice, before and after 7 weeks of training during the initial phase of the season. Training involved tactic and technical drills (20% of time), power and speed drills (25% of time), interval sessions (25% of time), endurance-type training (15% of time), and resistance training (15% of time). To achieve greater training responses, the study was performed during the early phase (first 7 weeks) of the volleyball season. Hormonal measurements included the anabolic hormones growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3, the catabolic hormone cortisol, the proinflammatory marker interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the anti-inflammatory marker IL-1 receptor antagonist. Training led to a significant improvement of vertical jump, anaerobic properties (peak and mean power by the Wingate Anaerobic Test), and predicted VO2max (by the 20-m shuttle run). Volleyball practice, both before and after the training intervention, was associated with a significant increase of serum lactate, GH, and IL-6. Training resulted in a significantly reduced cortisol response ([INCREMENT]cortisol: 4.2 ± 13.7 vs. -4.4 ± 12.3 ng · ml, before and after training, respectively; p < 0.02), and IL-6 response ([INCREMENT]IL-6: 1.3 ± 1.0 vs. 0.3 ± 0.4 pg · ml, before and after training, respectively; p < 0.01) to the same relative intensity volleyball practice. The results suggest that along with the improvement of power and anaerobic and aerobic characteristics, training reduces the catabolic and inflammatory response to exercise.

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“…In particular, it has been speculated that successful youth athletes might experience a cumulative psychophysiological strain progressing through the championship, especially when combats are scheduled with a cadence <90 minutes. [3,18] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary alpha-amylase, salivary cortisol, and anxiety during a youth taekwondo championship

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to assess the stress-related responses and the coach's capability to match perceived efforts of youth athletes during a taekwondo championship.Using a cross-sectional study design, salivary cortisol (sC) and alpha-amylase (sAA) were measured in 6 males and 3 females young (11.0 ± 0.9 years) athletes at awakening, 5 minutes before, and 1 minute and 30 minutes after official combats. State anxiety was recorded 60 minutes before the first competition, whereas coach's and athletes’ ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were obtained at the end of the combats. Time-matched (awakening and pre-competition) salivary samples and trait anxiety were collected 7-day postcompetition during a resting day.No effect for match outcome emerged. No difference emerged between athletes and coach RPEs. Higher (P = .03) state anxiety (41.6 ± 10.9 points) was shown than trait anxiety (34.8 ± 7.1 points). Time-matched sAA were similar. Peak sAA observed at the end of the combat (114.2 ± 108.1 U/mL) was higher (P < .01) than the other samples (range: 20.6–48.1 U/mL), whereas sC increased (P < .05) from awakening (8.0 ± 1.5 nmol/L), with peak levels observed at 30 minutes into the recovery phase (19.3 ± 4.3 nmol/L). Furthermore, pre-competition sC (16.5 ± 4.5 nmol/L) values were higher (P < .01) with respect to time-matched samples during the resting day (4.6 ± 1.0 nmol/L). The 3 athletes engaged in consecutive matches showed a tendency toward increasing sAA and sC.Taekwondo combats pose a high stress on young athletes, eliciting a fast reactivity of the sympathetic-adreno-medullary system relative to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system. Understanding the athlete's efforts during combats, coaches are recommended to apply effective recovery strategies between matches.

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Hormonal response to Taekwondo fighting simulation in elite adolescent athletes

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

Energy demands in taekwondo athletes during combat simulation

Energy demands in taekwondo athletes during combat simulation

Training Reduces Catabolic and Inflammatory Response to a Single Practice in Female Volleyball Players

Salivary alpha-amylase, salivary cortisol, and anxiety during a youth taekwondo championship

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