Hormonal imbalance in relation to exercise intolerance and ventilatory inefficiency in chronic heart failure

Beneficial Effects of Combined Exercise Training on Early Recovery Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Indices in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

“…The between-group analysis showed significant differences ( P < .05) in favor of the COM group in V E recovery ( Figure 1 ), RR recovery ( Figure 2 ), % V E recovery, % RR recovery, and V CO 2 /t slope ( Figure 3 ). 34 Also, it has been previously shown that the reduction of respiratory muscle performance is related to prolonged early recovery oxygen kinetics according to the severity of CHF. Abbreviations: AIT, high-intensity aerobic interval training; COM, combined high-intensity aerobic interval and strength training; VO 2 , oxygen uptake; V CO 2 , carbon dioxide output; VE , minute ventilation; V T , tidal volume; RR, respiratory rate; VO 2 /t slope, the first degree slope of V O 2 for the first minute of recovery; VCO 2 /t slope, the first degree slope of VCO 2 for the first minute of recovery.…”

Cancer-related fatigue shows a stable association with diurnal cortisol dysregulation in breast cancer patients

“…Yet, the mechanisms how the observed cortisol alterations are linked to physical fatigue need further investigation. It may be speculated that increased cortisol levels are associated rather with lack of vitality and sensation of physical exhaustion than with emotional or cognitive impairments, since prolonged elevated levels of cortisol have been linked to adverse effects on skeletal muscles and metabolism, exercise intolerance, and ventilatory inefficiency [34,35]. Thus, chronically elevated cortisol levels might causally contribute to physical fatigue.…”

Muscle wasting and sarcopenia in heart failure and beyond: update 2017

“…wasting of myofibrillar proteins, of the diaphragm and quadriceps muscles have been observed . The increased catabolic stress in the skeletal muscle of CHF patients results in exercise intolerance, ventilatory inefficiency and chronotropic incompetence, as well as insulin resistance suggesting a significant contribution of the catabolic status mechanism to the patients limited functional status . Another contributing factor to sarcopenia is a variable degree of malnutrition that may be caused by inflammatory cytokines, which have been known to contribute to anorexia .…”